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1
tesis de maestría
Owing their wide range of exceptional properties, for example thermal conductivity values of more than 3000W/(mK) and strength in the range of 100 GPa, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have recently gained much attention as reinforcement for composite materials. Considering the practical application in metal matrix composites (MMCs), tranferring those favourable properties from nano to macro scale represents a main challenge. Methods of the powder metallurgy route show promising results so far, but also lead to long process times and damage of the tublar structure of the CNTs due to prolonged ball milling times. At this point, the application of Friction Stir Processing (FSP) for fabricating CNT-reinforced MMCs offers the possibility to reduce process times and realize the required reinforcement at the relevant location of the component. The process uses a specially designed tool with a pin to pl...
2
tesis de maestría
Owing their wide range of exceptional properties, for example thermal conductivity values of more than 3000W/(mK) and strength in the range of 100 GPa, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have recently gained much attention as reinforcement for composite materials. Considering the practical application in metal matrix composites (MMCs), tranferring those favourable properties from nano to macro scale represents a main challenge. Methods of the powder metallurgy route show promising results so far, but also lead to long process times and damage of the tublar structure of the CNTs due to prolonged ball milling times. At this point, the application of Friction Stir Processing (FSP) for fabricating CNT-reinforced MMCs offers the possibility to reduce process times and realize the required reinforcement at the relevant location of the component. The process uses a specially designed tool with a pin to pl...
3
tesis de maestría
En el presente trabajo se estudió el cambio de propiedades generadas al incorporar nanotubos de carbono en la superficie del aluminio AA5052-H34. El objetivo de incorporar este nanomaterial es mejorar las propiedades superficiales del aluminio. Para este fin se utilizó una técnica denominada Friction Stir Processing, FSP, por sus siglas en inglés; mediante este proceso se adicionaron nanotubos de carbono en una ranura sobre la probeta a procesar, realizando un batido que deriva en una mezcla de las partículas con la matriz de aluminio; generando un nuevo compuesto con propiedades distintas al aluminio inicial. Previo al inicio del FSP se debió determinar la configuración de la herramienta a utilizar. También fue muy importante encontrar los parámetros de operación, tales como la velocidad de rotación (rpm) y la velocidad de avance (mm/min), así como la profundidad de la herra...
4
tesis de maestría
En el presente trabajo se estudió el cambio de propiedades generadas al incorporar nanotubos de carbono en la superficie del aluminio AA5052-H34. El objetivo de incorporar este nanomaterial es mejorar las propiedades superficiales del aluminio. Para este fin se utilizó una técnica denominada Friction Stir Processing, FSP, por sus siglas en inglés; mediante este proceso se adicionaron nanotubos de carbono en una ranura sobre la probeta a procesar, realizando un batido que deriva en una mezcla de las partículas con la matriz de aluminio; generando un nuevo compuesto con propiedades distintas al aluminio inicial. Previo al inicio del FSP se debió determinar la configuración de la herramienta a utilizar. También fue muy importante encontrar los parámetros de operación, tales como la velocidad de rotación (rpm) y la velocidad de avance (mm/min), así como la profundidad de la herra...
5
artículo
In this study Fenton process was optimized in the treatment of landfill leachates “Aguas de las Virgenes”, Huancayo-Perú. The parameters tested were BOD5 , COD, alkalinity, hardness, pH, conductivity, total solids, turbidity, Pb and Cd. Samples were treated in a system of jars with stirring and to optimize the application values the Box – Behnken design and response surface methodology were used. The values of optimal concentrations were determined in two seasons: rainy seasons (pH = 3.19, 1645.55 mg/L of FeSO4 and 1096.55 mg/L of H2 O2 ) and dry seasons (pH = 3.26, 1788.61 mg/L of FeSO4 and 1180.83 mg/L of H2O2). The optimal reaction time was 20 minutes for both seasons. The Biodegradability indicator was 0.568 and 0.329 in rainy seasons and dry seasons, respectively, with a near elimination of 42% of the COD in both periods. Fenton process is an effective alternative for treatme...
6
artículo
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fructose polymers, linked by β-glucosidic bonds (2-1), considered low caloric food sweeteners with prebiotic function and can be obtained from sucrose by biosynthesis. The fruits of the carob tree (Prosopis pallida) contain mainly carbohydrates where sucrose stands out. For this reason, the production of FOS from carob extract was optimized using a pectinase from A. aculeatus. The response surface methodology using was applied to optimize the parameters that affected production: time, temperature and carob extract; then they were verified experimentally. The biosynthesis process of FOS was carried out with carob extract at the concentrations of 20, 35 and 50 ° Bx, Pectinase at 10, 35 and 61mg, at 45, 55 and 65 °C for 0,5, 9,5 and 18 h, with stirring at 150 rpm The analysis methods were glucose oxidase and AOAC 999.03, for glucose and FOS respectively a...
7
artículo
This work describes the isolation and selection of bacterial strains of the genus Pseudomonas in Cetrimide, Acetamide and King B Agar media, from effluents of the leaching process and from the tailings deposit of the gold ore processing plant, Caraveli - Arequipa. Subsequently, the adaptation was made in Modified Mineral Medium (M9M), to different concentrations of sodium cyanide, to evaluate the tolerance and degradation of the CN- radical. The results of sowing in different nutrient media allowed us to observe changes in coloration with a change from clear to intense red in Acetamide Medium and from clear to fluorescent green in King B Agar Medium, revealing the presence of P. pseudoalcaligenes bacteria. Similarly, during the adaptation process of a strain whose initial cell population was 2.0E+06 CFU/mL, in media supplemented with 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm of Free Cyanide, at the ...
8
tesis de maestría
The present master thesis is dealing with the influence of workpiece temperature in the process loads, generated during the FSW process. The investigation is focused on welding of the magnesium alloy AZ31. To affect the initial temperature of the joining members, two different methods are investigated. by using a laser, the material is heated and soften local direct in front of the welding tool. In contrast, a heating element, located beneath the workpieces, enable the heating of a laser area. The consequences of both methods are regarded and compared in the investigation. In addition, the comparison to the conventional welding process is made. Thereby, main aspects are the rached load levels as well as surface appearance and tensile properties. the successfully reduction of process forces is obtained for both procedures; however, the tensile properties got worse.
9
tesis de maestría
The present master thesis is dealing with the influence of workpiece temperature in the process loads, generated during the FSW process. The investigation is focused on welding of the magnesium alloy AZ31. To affect the initial temperature of the joining members, two different methods are investigated. by using a laser, the material is heated and soften local direct in front of the welding tool. In contrast, a heating element, located beneath the workpieces, enable the heating of a laser area. The consequences of both methods are regarded and compared in the investigation. In addition, the comparison to the conventional welding process is made. Thereby, main aspects are the rached load levels as well as surface appearance and tensile properties. the successfully reduction of process forces is obtained for both procedures; however, the tensile properties got worse.
10
artículo
“Microbial proteases, especially aspartic proteases, are an essential group of enzymes produced from different microorganisms. Microbial proteases have several applications, mainly in the food, beverage, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, due to their efficiency in the processing and in the manufacturing stages. The yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CBMAI 1528 was isolated from the Antarctic environment and was previously reported to have higher extracellular aspartic protease production. In addition, advances in the operational conditions of bioreactors for enzyme production are important to reduce the gap associated with scaling−up processes. This is the first study that evaluates the influence of oxygen transference (kLa) on the protease production of R. mucilaginosa yeast. To that end, batch cultures were created in a stirred tank bioreactor using Sabouraud dextrose broth at 2...
11
tesis doctoral
La coagulación y floculación constituyen la base en los tratamientos de agua, para la separación de mezclas sólido-líquido, así como un medio de disminución de la turbidez. En la presente investigación, se evalúo el efecto que ejerce la velocidad y dosis aplicada de sulfato de aluminio Al2 (SO4)3, así como la ejercida por el cloruro férrico FeCl3-floculante. Para la obtención de los datos experimentales, se utilizó un equipo de “Test de Jarras”, realizando pruebas a 06 niveles de dosis aplicada (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 mL), y a 05 niveles de velocidad de agitación (100, 150, 200, 250 y 300 r.p.m.). Los resultados reportan que las mejores condiciones, con Sulfato de Aluminio, se lograron con una dosis de 120 mg/L y a una velocidad de 100 r.p.m. de mezcla rápida y 25 r.p.m. de mezcla lenta, disminuyendo el color inicial de 213 UPC hasta 10 UPC, una turbidez inicial de 66.6 has...
12
tesis de grado
La popularidad y rango de aplicaciones creciente de los nanomateriales hacen que llame la atención la ausencia de estudios de escalamiento apropiados para su síntesis en escalas comercialmente viables. Esta tesis tiene como objeto el diseño de un proceso de síntesis por lotes de nanopartículas de plata a escala piloto, obteniendo como producto terminado las nanopartículas de plata impregnadas en carbón activado (CA). Se ejecutaron ensayos de síntesis variando la velocidad de agitación (180 y 360 RPM) y el tiempo de adición de reactivos (1 y 10 s). Estos protocolos fueron adaptados para su uso en escala piloto. Las muestras de nanopartículas fueron caracterizadas por espectroscopía UV-Vis, lo cual permitió seleccionar parámetros de operación que permitan el mejor rendimiento para el proceso de síntesis. Los parámetros óptimos incluyen una velocidad de agitación de 180 R...
13
tesis de grado
En Madre de Dios, la extracción de oro usando mercurio es un proceso cotidiano. Sin embargo, este elemento es perjudicial para la salud y el medio ambiente y no presenta una buena eficiencia extractiva sobre el material aluvial. Por este motivo, se identificó la oportunidad de desarrollar un proceso hidrometalúrgico para beneficio de esta actividad económica, a fin de que prime la tecnología y el desarrollo sostenible. El objetivo de la presente tesis es diseñar un proceso de lixiviación de oro a partir del relave de procesamiento gravimétrico artesanal en un reactor de tipo airlift de recirculación interna. De las pruebas experimentales, se obtuvieron las condiciones más favorables de recirculación de las fases con un gas hold up de 0.25 usando 10% w/v de carga de sólidos y agitación neumática con una inyección de aire de 1.6 L/s. Además, se obtuvo una extracción de oro...
14
tesis de grado
La minería de oro artesanal aluvial representa un grave peligro para los ecosistemas amazónicos en el Perú debido al uso de insumos peligrosos como el mercurio o el cianuro, los cuales pueden no ser manejados correctamente en un contexto artesanal. En la presente investigación se diseña un proceso de lixiviación de oro con el sistema hipoclorito/cloruro en un tanque agitado empleando un concentrado mineral proveniente de la región de Madre de Dios, Perú. Los ensayos se realizaron a escala laboratorio y variando diferentes parámetros de operación, tales como la velocidad de agitación, cantidad de deflectores y tipo de fondo del reactor. Las mejores condiciones encontradas fueron un reactor con fondo redondo, tres deflectores y una velocidad de agitación de 1000 rev/min, logrando extracciones de oro de hasta un 63%. Otras combinaciones también demostraron mejorar en la eficien...
15
tesis de maestría
En el presente trabajo de investigación se ha empleado la técnica de procesamiento por fricción batido (Friction Stir Processing: FSP) para generar superficies que combinen las buenas propiedades de biocompatibilidad del titanio y la hidroxiapatita. Se utilizó un sustrato de titanio CP grado 2, incorporándose en la zona de batido dos tipos de nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita a diferentes porcentajes en peso: hidroxiapatita pura e hidroxiapatita dopada con óxido de silicio. Se realizaron dos pases con la herramienta de procesamiento, los parámetros para el primer y segundo pase fueron: velocidad de rotación de 800 y 1100 rpm y velocidad de avance de 1200 y 1100 mm/min respectivamente. Los materiales empleados y los nanocompuestos resultantes fueron caracterizados mediante microscopía óptica, microscopía electrónica de barrido y espectroscopía de energía dispersiva. Los resu...
16
tesis de maestría
En el presente trabajo de investigación se ha empleado la técnica de procesamiento por fricción batido (Friction Stir Processing: FSP) para generar superficies que combinen las buenas propiedades de biocompatibilidad del titanio y la hidroxiapatita. Se utilizó un sustrato de titanio CP grado 2, incorporándose en la zona de batido dos tipos de nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita a diferentes porcentajes en peso: hidroxiapatita pura e hidroxiapatita dopada con óxido de silicio. Se realizaron dos pases con la herramienta de procesamiento, los parámetros para el primer y segundo pase fueron: velocidad de rotación de 800 y 1100 rpm y velocidad de avance de 1200 y 1100 mm/min respectivamente. Los materiales empleados y los nanocompuestos resultantes fueron caracterizados mediante microscopía óptica, microscopía electrónica de barrido y espectroscopía de energía dispersiva. Los resu...
17
artículo
The aim of this work was to obtain a protein powder hydrolyzate using headless and gutted anchovy (HG) and its sensory, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were determined. In the hydrolysis process, seven commercial proteases were evaluated. The hydrolytic activity of the proteases was evaluated using the values of Brix degrees not corrected (°Bx ref.) and degree of hydrolysis). (GH %) The experimental procedure to obtain the powdered hydrolyzate was: reception of HG anchovy, washed, ground, weighed and mixed, addition of protease and water, hydrolyzed with stirring, filtered, centrifuged, dehydrated, packed and stored. The commercial proteases that presented the highest GH % over anchovy proteins were Protex 6L and Protamex with Flavourzyme 1000L. The doses of Protamex 0.2% and Flavourzyme 1000L of 0.4% respectively, in relation to the weight of the raw material, reach...
18
tesis de grado
In this research gold recovery was performed by the method of acid leaching with constant stirring from a highly refractory ore from the metallurgical laboratory of the National University of Trujillo, Department of Metallurgical Engineering (Law 2.84 oz Au / TM); the independent variables was evaluated as the concentration of thiourea solution and stirring time. The particle size of the refractory ore was 100% solids and mesh No. 200 and the tests were performed in the laboratory mineral processing metallurgical engineering department. In the experimental part were performed to test turmoil in bottle for 72 hours of constant agitation and chemical composition of refractory ore, by analysis on a dry basis and atomic absorption and student test for a single sample of data statistical analysis was performed and is the most significant variables in gold recovery for this research, is the co...
19
tesis de grado
The present research studies the extraction of gold by acid leaching method with constant stirring from a gold ore from the district Pataz (Act 2.5 Oz Au / TM ) evaluating two variables: The influence of the addition of SO2 and the concentrations of two oxidizers , Ferric Sulfate ( as oxidizing agent ) and cupric sulfate pentahydrate ( as oxidizing catalyst ) thiourea consumption and percentage of gold extraction . The particle size of the ore was 70 % - 200 m and the tests were performed in the mineral processing laboratory of the Academic Department of Metallurgical Engineering. In the experimental part 27 tests were performed according to the two-factor design , and performing analysis of variance must be more significant variable in the extraction of gold for this research is the concentration of ferric sulfate and cupric sulfate pentahydrate , plus the best gold extraction results w...
20
tesis de grado
In the present work, the recovery of gold by the acid leaching method with constant stirring from a highly refractory ore from the metallurgical laboratory of the National University of Trujillo, Faculty of Metallurgical Engineering (Law 2.84 onz Au / TM); the independent variables were evaluated as the concentration of thiourea solution and agitation time. The granulometry of the refractory mineral was 100% solids and 200 mesh and the tests were carried out in the mineral processing laboratory of the metallurgical engineering department. In the experimental part, they were carried out for cylinder stirring tests for 72 hours of constant stirring and chemical composition of the refractory mineral, by means of dry-run analysis and atomic absorption, and the statistical analysis of the student test was performed for a single sample of data and has the most significant variables in the gold...