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1
artículo
Publicado 2023
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The objective of the study was to describe the total postlarval length of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1846 (suche) under controlled conditions. A total of 887 postlarvae of T. rivalatus after 25 days post-hatching was used as biological material. Water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH) was controlled. Before each feeding, siphoning was done to remove food debris and 90% of the water volume was replaced in all treatments. Growth (total length) was measured with a millimeter ruler (precision ± 0.01) at the beginning and end of the experimental phase. Survival for each experimental treatment before live feed supply was: T2 = 99.66% > T1 = 98.97% > T3 = 97.63%. At 21 days the postlarvae showed an average total length of 21.6 ± 0.51 mm, while at 45 days the total length was 30.53 ± 0.52 mm. A statistical difference was found between the total length at 21 and ...
2
artículo
Publicado 2022
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The aim of the study was to describe the exogenous larval feeding and survival of Orestias luteus (Valenciennes, 1846) under controlled conditions. The study was carried out in the prototype culture laboratory of the Fundación Titicaca Perú (FUNTI-PERU) in the city of Puno, Peru. Biological material was used, 896 units of O. luteus larvae where it was distributed in three treatments and with three repetitions: 1st) T1 = 299 units, 2nd) T2 = 300 units and 3rd) T3 = 297 units. Three replicate treatments were considered: 1st) larvae fed with newly hatched Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) nauplii / artemia, Brand Mackay Marine, 2nd) Artemia salina + Ceriodaphnia dubia (Richard, 1894), and 3rd) C. dubia + Daphnia pulex (Linnaeus, 1758). When comparing survival in O. luteus according to the experimental treatments of exogenous feeding with live foods, there were statistically significa...
3
artículo
Three sources of silicon in biomass production of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under controlled conditions
Publicado 2022
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A pot experiment was conducted in the campus of La Molina National Agrarian University in order to evaluate the effect of rice husk ash, ladle furnace slag and potassium silicate on the soil chemical properties and biomass of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. ‘Fedearroz 60’, using topsoil from a commercial paddy field at Aucayacu, Huanuco, Peru. Doses were calculated taking into consideration each product available Si (SiA), for reaching concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 ppm (w / w) of SiA in soil before sowing. Control pots without any silicon amendment were considered as well. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (3 × 4) was used to assess the Si absorption by plant tissues, final SiA in soils, roots volume, whole plant’s dry weight, tillering capacity, panicles per plant and average spikelets per panicle. Salinity and pH of the growing media were registered weekl...
4
artículo
Publicado 2022
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The larval stage is a complex phase in aquaculture and living organisms are needed for the survival and development of the fish. The aim of the study was to describe the length of live-feeding suche (Trichomycterus rivalatus Valenciennes, 1846) in Lake Titicaca, Peru. The study was carried out in the prototype culture laboratory of the Fundación Titicaca Perú (FUNTI-PERU), Centro Poblado de Ichu, Puno. 900 pre-larvae of T. rivulatus were used as biological material, distributed in three experimental treatments with three replicates of 100 individuals each. The pre-larvae were obtained after 24 hours post-hatching that belonged to the same spawning. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were measured as physical-chemical parameters of water quality. Survival was evaluated before the consumption of the yolk sac, nauplii of Artemia salina and cladocerans. Total length was measured o...
5
artículo
Publicado 2014
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This study aimed to determine the clinical signs and pathological findings caused for Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Escherichia coli in White Leghorn layers under controlled conditions. A total of 80 replacement hens of five weeks were selected. Before starting the experiment, microbiological tests were conducted in 16 chicks to verify if they were exposed to pathogens. The remaining 64 chicks were distributed in four equal groups (n=16). On day 1 of the experiment G1 and G2 were inoculated via intranasal with 0.6 x 107 UFC/ml of O. rhinotracheale and G3 and G4 (negative control) received brain heart infusion broth. Forty eight hours later, G2 and G3 were inoculated via intranasal with 0.6 x 107 UFC of E. coli. Four chicks per group were slaughtered on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after inoculation and samples were collected from paranasal sinuses, trachea, lung, air sacs and liver for op...
6
artículo
Publicado 2014
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This study aimed to determine the clinical signs and pathological findings caused for Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Escherichia coli in White Leghorn layers under controlled conditions. A total of 80 replacement hens of five weeks were selected. Before starting the experiment, microbiological tests were conducted in 16 chicks to verify if they were exposed to pathogens. The remaining 64 chicks were distributed in four equal groups (n=16). On day 1 of the experiment G1 and G2 were inoculated via intranasal with 0.6 x 107 UFC/ml of O. rhinotracheale and G3 and G4 (negative control) received brain heart infusion broth. Forty eight hours later, G2 and G3 were inoculated via intranasal with 0.6 x 107 UFC of E. coli. Four chicks per group were slaughtered on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after inoculation and samples were collected from paranasal sinuses, trachea, lung, air sacs and liver for op...
7
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Stevia rebaudiana is considered an important medicinal plant possessing low-calorie glucoside sweeteners. The present work describes the comparison of three stevia genotypes (IBT 1, IBT 2 and IBT 3) in two contrasting environments simulated under controlled conditions: Sullana in Peru; and Misiones in Paraguay (regarded as the center of origin of Stevia). In the study, we explored the Euclidean distance as an integrating indicator for simultaneous selection of several stevia traits. Plant scientists often record multiple morphological, physiological and biochemical indicators in their experiments. Common statistical data evaluations involve univariate analyses such as t-test, Mann-Whitney and Analysis of Variance followed by Tukey HSD. However, these analyses do not evaluate integrally the effects of the experimental treatments because each indicator is analyzed independently. Euclidean ...
8
artículo
Publicado 2023
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The production and export of avocado fruits, cultivar Hass, has grown exponentially in recent years in Peru, however, a high incidence of symptoms such as regressive death, cankers on plant branches, and fruit rot have been observed affecting optimal crop production and fruit quality. These symptoms are mainly generated by Lasiodiplodia theobromae fungus, whose control is limited to a few active ingredients that tend to generate pathogen resistance. The present investigation had as objective to evaluate the inducing effect of resistance in the control of Lasiodiplodia theobromae in avocado (Persea americana) cultivar Hass of five bioproducts: ProtecSea, Barrera, Timorex Gold, T 22, Vacun Q Pro and water as a control treatment, with a total of 6 treatments with 4 replications, 3 avocado trees per replication. One-year-old avocado trees cultivar Hass were used. Treatments were applied th...
9
artículo
Publicado 2020
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In order to determine the effect of photoperiod and the addition of commercial foliar nutrient at different concentrations in the biomass increasing of Pyropia sp. CHI, gametophytic individuals were collected in Santa Elena beach, Paracas - Pisco and transferred to Applied Biology Laboratory of Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. The thalli were divided into groups of 1,0 ± 0,02 g of initial biomass and placed in flasks with enriched sea water with three different concentrations of Bayfolan® commercial foliar nutrient (0,1 ml/L; 0,05 m/L; and 0,025 ml/L) and a control treatment (0 ml/L) against two photoperiod conditions: long day (DL) (L/O = 18:6) and short day (DC) (L/O = 6:18). Biomass (wet weight) and growth rate (g/week) were evaluated weekly during six weeks. The results have demonstrated the effect of nutrient addition in biomass increase of Pyropia sp. CHI where all treatme...
10
artículo
Evaluation of alpha-cypermethrin for the control of mites in laying hens under laboratory conditions
Publicado 2021
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The aim of the study was to evaluate doses of alphacypermethrin for the control of the mite Pterolichus obtusus in laying hens under laboratory conditions. The experiment was carried out in the experimental houses of the Poultry Research Institute, Cuba, between June and July 2019. In total, 115 White Leghorn laying hens, 52 weeks old, naturally infested with the mite, were used. An initial sampling was carried out on all the birds to determine the levels of infestation and distribute them in homogeneous groups. Four doses of alphacypermethrin (1, 2, 5 and 10 ml/l) were tested by spray baths and compared with a group treated with cypermethrin (12 ml/l) and a control group. Three baths were carried out on a weekly basis. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated between 24- and 48-hour post-treatment. Alphacypermethrin in doses of 1 and 2 ml/l was ineffective, while in doses of 5 ...
11
artículo
Publicado 1961
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La finalidad del artículo es demostrar las grandes dificultades que originan los refugiados políticos y sus actividades revolucionarias, así como la constitución de "Gobiernos en el exilio". Estas dificultades las han conocido muchos países a raíz de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En los Estados Unidos, estas dificultades son, tal vez, mayores debido a las muy amplias libertades que garantiza la Constitución de ese país y a las dificultades de conciliarlas con disposiciones del Derecho Internacional y los Tratados. En el caso de Cuba, Estados Unidos, como la mayor parte de las naciones del mundo occidental, no verían, sin duda, con desagrado un cambio del régimen cubano debido a sus ya conocidas tendencias comunistas y a los abusos cometidos contra la vida y la dignidad del hombre. De allí la tolerancia -justificada, además por el carácter de defensa propia del Estado- de que se...
12
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The productiototalitym pubescens is caused by the pathogen Fusarium sp, the objective of the research was to determine precisely how the use of defense inducers affects the control of the causal agent of fruit rot of Capsicum pubescens in Acobamba, the research was applied in an explanatory level; A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with 17 treatments and 4 replications, to identify Fusarium sp as the causal agent of fruit rot, the vegetative material was placed in humid chambers to accelerate the manifestation of the sign, the purification of the pathogen was carried out by hyphal tip seeding; the pathogen presented an average radial growth of 9 cm² in a period of 7 days, the formation of fusiform macroconidia was observed; the treatment with silicon using the commercial product Silicofarm at a dose of 15.5 and 31 ml per liter inhibited in its totality the growth of the mycel...
13
tesis de maestría
Publicado 2015
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Las autoridades de competencia llevan a cabo procedimientos de control de fusiones para prevenir efectos nocivos de la concentración de mercado en la competencia. Sin embargo, deben considerar las situaciones en que la fusión de empresas no necesariamente generará una afectación sobre el bienestar, como ocurre en los casos en que produce una “ganancia en eficiencia” debido a la fusión. En esa línea, la Comisión Europea (autoridad de control de fusiones en Europa) estableció en 2004 reglas y procedimientos que permiten considerar las ganancias en eficiencia para el análisis de la autoridad. Bajo este contexto, este estudio evaluó si el análisis de ganancia en eficiencia influenció o no en el proceso de decisión de la autoridad. Aplicando una estimación del tipo logit, no se encontró evidencia suficiente que indique que las consideraciones de eficiencia tienen impacto en...
14
artículo
Publicado 2023
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One of the most important –and controversial– ways in which the legislator intervenes in standardized contracts (i.e., contracts with general contracting clauses and adhesion contracts) lies in the possibility for jurisdictional authorities to control their contractual content. The purpose of this intervention is to eliminate or substitute clauses effectively incorporated in them for being abusive or vexatious. This paper examines the discipline of content control provided by Article 1399 of the Civil Code, a rule that, despite having been unjustly relegated by national scholars, has enormous potential to achieve the protective purposes set by our Substantive Code, when correctly understood.On this occasion, we will first analyze the various legal rules contained in Article 1399, as well as their respective hypotheses and consequences. This analysis will be complemented by a practica...
15
artículo
Publicado 2012
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A framework for pricing Asian power options is developed when the underlying asset follows a jump-fraction process. The partial differential equation (PDE) in the fractional environment with jump is constructed for such option using general Itô's lemma and self-financing dynamic strategy. With the boundary condition an analytic formula for the option with geometric average starting at any time before maturity is derived by solving the PDE and the option with arithmetic average is evaluated in Monte Carlo simulation using control variate technique with the help of the above analytic solution. Overwhelming numerical evidence indicates that the technique proposed is computationally efficient and dramatically improves the accuracy of the simulated price. Moreover this study will pave a novel way to copy with the option contracts based on thinly-traded assets like oil or currencies or intere...
16
artículo
Publicado 2021
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The objective of this study is to determine biological cycle and parameters of Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi), predator of Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday). To obtain prey, olive seedlings were infested with S. phillyreae collected from olive groves in Tacna. In laboratory, the different stages of development of C. arcuatus recovered from the same olive groves, were confined in a breeding cage to obtain adults of the same age, which were matched in breeding units, and placed in a stove with circulating air at 24,2 ± 0,8 ° C and 36,0 ± 5,9% RH. They were observed daily until their death, and from their positions the development cycle was determined, which is 24 days, of which 3,80; 15,78 and 4,42 days were for the egg, larva and pupa stages, respectively. The biological cycle of C. arcuatus was 77,02 days. Oviposition capacity 136,35 eggs/female; egg viability of 71,43%; larval mortality...
17
artículo
Publicado 2019
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The aim of this study was to describe the demographic characteristics of the population of companion animals that underwent surgical reproductive control in the Municipality of Los Olivos (Lima, Peru) in the 2015-2016 period. The records of the Los Olivos Municipal Veterinary Clinic were reviewed by collecting information on the age, sex, species and address of the owner. The information was analyzed by descriptive statistics. Records of 140 dog and 155 cats were obtained. The average age of the dogs was 2.1 ± 1.5 (range: 8 months to 7 years) and of the cats was 1.2 ± 0.8 (range: 6 months to 4 years). The highest percentage of sterilizations corresponded to females in both species (90.7% in dogs and 89.0% in cats) and of mestizo phenotype (93.6% in dogs and 99.4% in cats). The area of influence of the Municipal Veterinary Clinic of Los Olivos had a radius of up to 8.26 km. It is ...
18
artículo
Publicado 2019
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The aim of this study was to describe the demographic characteristics of the population of companion animals that underwent surgical reproductive control in the Municipality of Los Olivos (Lima, Peru) in the 2015-2016 period. The records of the Los Olivos Municipal Veterinary Clinic were reviewed by collecting information on the age, sex, species and address of the owner. The information was analyzed by descriptive statistics. Records of 140 dog and 155 cats were obtained. The average age of the dogs was 2.1 ± 1.5 (range: 8 months to 7 years) and of the cats was 1.2 ± 0.8 (range: 6 months to 4 years). The highest percentage of sterilizations corresponded to females in both species (90.7% in dogs and 89.0% in cats) and of mestizo phenotype (93.6% in dogs and 99.4% in cats). The area of influence of the Municipal Veterinary Clinic of Los Olivos had a radius of up to 8.26 km. It is ...
19
artículo
Publicado 2015
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The interaction between competition and environmental policy is quite complex, particularly before state aids, whose control level reflects the emerging opportunity cost between both policies. In order to illustrate the potential efficiency losses or the imbalances on level playing field of competition, this article analyzes the legal, economic and political dimensions of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) free allocation of allowances mechanism for the power generation sector.
20
artículo
Publicado 2016
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The objective of the present investigation was to determine that biological and chemical products allow control of gray rot and acid rot of vitis vinifera L. under field conditions, carried out in Chongoyape district, 2015. It was used the design of complete random blocks with 5 treatments and four replicates with 60 clusters per treatment. The results obtained showed that there was no presence of Botrytes cinerea causal agent of "Gray Pudding" in both laboratory and field tests, but the complex of microorganisms that caused "Acid Pudding" was found, among which the bacteria Acetobacter Spp, yeast like Kloeckera spp and fungi like Aspergillus niger.
