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1
artículo
Publicado 2006
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The eradication of gender-based stereotypes and discriminatory practices is a fundamental social commitment. One of the measures to achieve this objective is found in education. Therefore, this article emphasizes the relevance of incorporating the gender perspective in the study and teaching of law, using this approach as a critical tool to question traditional legal structures. In this context, it is essential to examine the manner in which the gender perspective affects the laws and legal system, particularly in those areas of law that are of critical importance, such as constitutional, labor, family, and criminal law. It is therefore proposed that legal education should include a gender perspective, which will enable future professionals to comprehend and address gender inequalities in Peruvian legislation, thereby facilitating significant transformations in the legal field.
2
artículo
Publicado 2019
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The present paper seeks to describe the process of recognition of gender identity as a prohibited reason for discrimination in International Human Rights Law (hereafter, IHRL) and show how this has allowed a better protection of the rights of trans people. For it, this document realizes a classification of the speeches that have addressed the situation of these people and their relationship with the law. On this basis, it is postulated that the IHRL have supported a model that seeks the depathologization of trans identities and it is explained which the actual protection standard that States must comply in order to protect the right of identity of that population.
3
artículo
Publicado 2024
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This study analyzes whether gender constitutes a modifying circums tance in criminal law. For this purpose, it takes as an example the Spanish case, where in recent decades there has been a change in the criminal policy of the State in favor of a criminal law with a gender perspective, specifically in genderbased violence. The article concludes that the term «gender violence» is appropriate because it responds to the essence of this phenomenon, whose particularities have led to a great impulse to its regulation in the Spanish legal system and in the international context. With a criminal policy of intolerance towards the manifestations of this type of violence, legislation with a gender perspective has been promoted, which has considered appropriate the inclusion of an aggravating modifying circumstance if the criminal acts are committed in a discriminatory manner in relation to ge...
4
artículo
The need to promote and protect general interests subject to increasing threats, for which the collaboration of companies is essential, is leading to a change in trend in the configuration of the purpose of commercial companies, especially larger ones. From the traditional conception of companies as manifestations of the right of association for economic purposes, among which the obtaining of profit and its distribution among the partners appeared as a natural purpose, there has been an evolution towards a way of understanding the social interest in combination with other interests, such as the protection of the environment, the promotion of human rights or the implementation of participatory, gender-balanced governance models with more effective accounting and management control methods.Historically, this approach has been followed by the definition of corporate social responsibility co...
5
artículo
Publicado 2019
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El Estado Constitucional de Derecho necesita de la realización práctica de los derechos fundamentales de todas las personas como un requisito indispensable de su existencia. Sin embargo, se constata en la realidad que las mujeres han sido instaladas en una situación de exclusión y vulnerabilidad organizada por el sistema social, político, cultural y económico predominante. Son necesarias nuevas propuestas para superar dicha situación desde el campo de investigación del Derecho y la Ciencia Política, y para ello son imprescindibles el conocimiento del sistema de construcción cultural de la diferenciación sexual, el estudio de los enfoques feministas sobre el poder, y como éste clasifica a los ciudadanos respecto a su género, a su vez que la institucionalización del poder permite o restringe la presencia y la representación de las mujeres en el ámbito público. Se trata seg...
6
artículo
Publicado 2019
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The aim of this article is to analyze gender wage gap in Peru and the suitability of the measures taken by the Peruvian Government to deal with this very complex issue. In order to do so, the author analyzes the definition of the gender wage gap statistical indicator, and the current state of the gender wage gap in Peru, as well as its causes. After that, the author evaluates Equal Pay Law and its Regulation under the lens of international law just to conclude that Equal pay related legislation is consistent with the obligation of the Peruvian Government to adopt measures to overcome de facto inequality situation arisen between men and women in the workplace. Finally, the author identifies the challenges arisen by Equal pay legislation, which, even though could be considered a good first step to eliminate gender wage gap, shall be complemented by additional measures aimed to question gen...
7
artículo
Publicado 2022
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This paper identifies the vulnerability factors of gender and disability discrimination against victims of sexual violence from an intersectional discrimination approach. Importance thereof is practical from the role of the administrator of justice in the protection, investigation, and punishment, who, in addition, must identify those factors of vulnerability present in a sexual violence case. For this purpose, a conventional case-law case is analyzed: R.P.B. vs. the Philippines (Communication No. 34/2011). This analysis starts from the revision of the normative and national and international case-law framework. It concludes that administrators of justice must put aside gender stereotypes in order to identify the multiple vulnerability factors that arise in a sexual violence case, and thus guarantee the right to access to justice.
8
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The study analyzes the effects of the control of constitutionality and conventionality in the Argentine system, in light of the international systems for the protection of human rights and the legal instruments to which the Argentine State is a signatory. These systems do not have derogatory effects on domestic norms, but the inapplicability of these to the specific case and the possibility of providing for actions or omissions; that is, orders to do or not to do with respect to a specific situation in order to safeguard the principle of constitutional and conventional supremacy, so that the subjective right enshrined in these hierarchically superior norms prevails. In this perspective, the aforementioned systems of rights are of mandatory and preferential application to any domestic legislation of lower rank. In other words, it is not only the text of the covenants, conventions and trea...
9
libro
El feminicidio es una categoría cuyo origen se remonta a las ciencias sociales y a los estudios de género, y que ha sido recogida en las últimas décadas por el derecho. Este proceso ha culminado con su transformación en un delito tipificado en la mayoría de los códigos penales de la región; proceso que no ha sido pacífico y que, por el contrario, ha estado plagado de resistencias y cuestionamientos. ¿Qué es el feminicidio? ¿Qué lo distingue de un homicidio común? ¿Qué bienes jurídicos están detrás de su tipificación? ¿Qué significa el elemento por su condición de tal? ¿Cómo se caracteriza su elemento subjetivo? Las respuestas a estas interrogantes exigen integrar saberes del derecho penal con conocimientos sobre la teoría y la regulación, nacional e internacional, de la violencia contra las mujeres basada en género. La presente obra es una guía para las y los...
10
tesis de grado
Introducción: Las desigualdades sociales en los temas de género hacen evidente el atentado contra la igualdad; existen múltiples evidencias donde las mujeres están desfavorecidas en cuanto a derechos laborales a pesar de ser competentes. Objetivo: es analizar las implicancias de la brecha de género en el mercado laboral peruano 2023. Metodología: se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo y como diseño la teoría fundamentada, como instrumento la entrevista en profundidad, la triangulación del objetivo y los autores. Resultado: se ha identificado la existencia de la brecha salarial en el mundo laboral afecta de gran manera a las mujeres de nuestro país generando un desbalance en los salarios y oportunidades laborales. Conclusión: se analizaron las implicancias de la brecha de género en el mercado laboral peruano 2023, lo más importante del análisis fue visibilizar las diferencias en...
11
artículo
Publicado 2018
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In 2014, through Ruling No. 00139-2013-PA/TC, the Constitutional Court (hereinafter, Court) established a constitutional precedent whereby gender is animmutable element and, consequently, it is not possible to request any amendment of data in identity documents. In addition, the Court based its reasoning on the idea that any alteration of identity following that criterion should be construed as a “disorder and/or pathology”. In other words, for this Court (Urviola Hani, Vergara Gotelli, Calle Hayen and Alvarez Miranda, judges who voted in the majority), transsexual persons were “disturbed or sick”. However, in a landmark decision for transgender persons in Peru, the current Court (Miranda Canales, Ledesma Narváez, Ramos Nuñez and Espinosa-Saldaña Barrera,judges who voted in the majority) issued Ruling No. 06040-2015-PA/TC, by which...
12
artículo
Publicado 2018
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In 2014, through Ruling No. 00139-2013-PA/TC, the Constitutional Court (hereinafter, Court) established a constitutional precedent whereby gender is animmutable element and, consequently, it is not possible to request any amendment of data in identity documents. In addition, the Court based its reasoning on the idea that any alteration of identity following that criterion should be construed as a “disorder and/or pathology”. In other words, for this Court (Urviola Hani, Vergara Gotelli, Calle Hayen and Alvarez Miranda, judges who voted in the majority), transsexual persons were “disturbed or sick”. However, in a landmark decision for transgender persons in Peru, the current Court (Miranda Canales, Ledesma Narváez, Ramos Nuñez and Espinosa-Saldaña Barrera,judges who voted in the majority) issued Ruling No. 06040-2015-PA/TC, by which...
13
artículo
Publicado 2021
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This paper aims to analyze the existing problem of obstetric violence, linked to gender-based violence, against women during pregnancy and childbirth. To this end, different international cases tried by the Inter-American Human Rights System will be analyzed. This system has issued various decisions establishing the liability of states for the violation of women’s human rights. Likewise, it has issued recommendations to the states on measures to better protect women and to not incur in this type of violence against them.
14
artículo
Publicado 2021
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This paper aims to analyze the existing problem of obstetric violence, linked to gender-based violence, against women during pregnancy and childbirth. To this end, different international cases tried by the Inter-American Human Rights System will be analyzed. This system has issued various decisions establishing the liability of states for the violation of women’s human rights. Likewise, it has issued recommendations to the states on measures to better protect women and to not incur in this type of violence against them.
15
artículo
Publicado 2019
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These work represents the continuation of our titled study "The gender violence in the legal systems of Civil Law (I) Latin America versus Europe: discriminations of coming and going", presented in the Fifth European Conference on Feminist Investigation, "Gender and Power in New the Europe" (Lund, Sweden, August of 2003), and in which we try to illustrate, through the analysis of the Peruvian legal system, how the violence against the woman contained in the Latin American legal systems is bigger than the violence that the legal systems of European countries produces. In this second part, we show how the globalization has supposed a reinforcement of the contained in the different legal systems gender violence.
16
artículo
Publicado 2012
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Los múltiples cambios socioculturales por los que atraviesa nuestra sociedad impactan, sin lugar a dudas, en las diferentes esferas del Derecho. En las últimas décadas, una de estas esferas ha sido la del Derecho Laboral. El aumento de la participación femenina en el mercado laboral ha hecho necesario el replanteo de las normas actuales, tomando en consideración este fenómeno. En el presente artículo, tomando como base la legislación nacional e internacional pertinente, el autor analiza los diversos enfoques que se están dando para posibilitar la conciliación de la vida laboral, familiar y personal; tema que surge precisamente a partir de la creciente inclusión de la mujer en el mercado de trabajo. The multiple sociocultural changes that our society goes through have an undeniable impact on the different spheres of Law. During the last decades, one of these spheres has been th...
17
artículo
Publicado 2020
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The author analyzes the film The Voice of Equality, based on the life of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. The work focuses on the case of Charles Moritz vs. the Internal Revenue Service, defended by Ginsburg at the beginning of her career. It was disputed whether the income tax assessment made on Mr. Moritz’s expense deduction was allowable. Under U.S. law, unmarried daughters who were employed outside the home were entitled to deduct guardianship expenses. Mr. Moritz was unmarried, cared for his mother, and was employed outside the home, but he was not a daughter, but a son, which is why the tax office denied the deduction. The lawyer’s strategy was to allege gender discrimination against her client, since the law unfairly presumed that it was the daughters who were responsible for the care of the parents. Her objective was to obtain a declaration of unconstitutionali...
18
artículo
Publicado 2019
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From the exposition of a sentence that has left unpunished the strangulation of a trans woman in the city of Iquitos, this article exposes, compiling empirical investigations, the situation of trans women in Peru. Through the presentation of human rights reports prepared by LGTBIQ collectives from 2004 to the present, the purpose of this analysis is to have references and inputs that allow us to outline what gender law can do to avoid impunity and to guarantee effective protection against the violence perpetrated, with particular cruelty, against these women.
19
artículo
Publicado 2016
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La autora propone el texto para una ley de identidad de género basado en los parámetros de convencionalidad de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y las experiencias del derecho comparado sobre la base de la despatologización de las identidades trans.
20
tesis de grado
Publicado 2025
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El presente estudio de investigación se centró en responder la interrogante del problema general : ¿Cómo se manifiesta la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva a las mujeres víctimas de violencia en el delito de lesiones leves, en el distrito de Azángaro durante el año 2022? En este sentido, e l objetivo general es determinar si se garantiza la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva por violencia a la mujer en el delito de lesio nes leves Azángaro 2022. Para el desarrollo del estudio, se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo con un diseño de investigación básica y un nivel descriptivo. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante la técnica del análisis documental, empleando dos tipos de fichas diseñadas específicamente para examinar expedientes judiciales y los autos de medidas de protección. Con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos planteados , se analizaron diez expedientes concluidos, de...
