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1
artículo
Publicado 2023
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The cross-border exchange of goods, services, capital, and knowledge has emerged as a crucial driver of economic prosperity. Consequently, the objective of this work is to provide an overview of research trends in foreign and international trade, identifying thematic gaps and outlining areas for future research. To achieve this, a scientometric analysis and a systematic review of literature on the production of Scopus were carried out in the last five years. The findings revealed significant growth in current production, in which information was predominantly in English. Similarly, policy formulation requires a comprehensive approach, with a balance between free markets and protectionism, and an encouragement of participation in trade agreements and free trade agreements that drive multilateral and bilateral integration. Additionally, investments in infrastructure, logistics, and technol...
2
artículo
Publicado 2010
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The article presents the main conclusions and recommendations of the research the same subject and title, and was selected by the Research of our House of Studies; in addition, we present the research objectives, methodology and the different situations that arose during the investigation. The research used primary sources, collected through surveys administered with the help of a group of students of the Faculty to the guilds of MYPES, and secondary sources too. The limitation was the impossibility practical of reach even if indirectly to the informal MSEs, obtaining direct information of the SMEs only formal, more modern and organized. As a result of this investigation, it knows that the neitre the MYPES have not used the drawback, other mechanisms promoters of exports, as an incentive to internationalize, because the vast majority MYPES not been formalized. Secondary immediate causes,...
3
artículo
Publicado 2010
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The article presents the main conclusions and recommendations of the research the same subject and title, and was selected by the Research of our House of Studies; in addition, we present the research objectives, methodology and the different situations that arose during the investigation. The research used primary sources, collected through surveys administered with the help of a group of students of the Faculty to the guilds of MYPES, and secondary sources too. The limitation was the impossibility practical of reach even if indirectly to the informal MSEs, obtaining direct information of the SMEs only formal, more modern and organized. As a result of this investigation, it knows that the neitre the MYPES have not used the drawback, other mechanisms promoters of exports, as an incentive to internationalize, because the vast majority MYPES not been formalized. Secondary immediate causes,...
4
artículo
Publicado 2008
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Since one of the main goals of the APEC is to facilitate the international trade and investments among its members, it is said that taking over APEC presidency (as Peru in 2008), will contribute to foster trade and attract investments from member economies. But, is there any pattern which allows quantifying the benefi ts resulting from this kind of commitment? After evaluating the trade statistics of APEC developing economies ever since the creation of the Forum in 1989, it can be inferred that presiding APEC does not guarantee an increase in its trade with the rest of APEC economies. Right after hosting the summit, its imports grow higher compared with its exports, but there is not any conclusive information on the growth of foreign direct investment (FDI). Nevertheless, even though the growth of trade and FDI attraction from APEC other member economies does not rely exclusively on taki...
5
artículo
Publicado 2014
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The usefulness of the European model of integration is currently subject to debate and the North American integration process has been largely ignored as a comparative framework. The asymmetrical relationship between Canada and the United States began a long time before NAFTA, and the study of this process could shed light on the usual problems faced by Latin American countries. This article attempts to encourage discussion about this topic. Particularly,there is evidence for a substantial and positive change in Canadian productivity at the time of the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUFTA). However, the enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) does not seem to have had the same effect as the earlier treaty.
6
artículo
Publicado 2014
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The usefulness of the European model of integration is currently subject to debate and the North American integration process has been largely ignored as a comparative framework. The asymmetrical relationship between Canada and the United States began a long time before NAFTA, and the study of this process could shed light on the usual problems faced by Latin American countries. This article attempts to encourage discussion about this topic. Particularly,there is evidence for a substantial and positive change in Canadian productivity at the time of the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUFTA). However, the enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) does not seem to have had the same effect as the earlier treaty.
7
artículo
Publicado 2015
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National governments have to find alternatives for small farmers so that families can improve their economic and social conditions. The case of cocoa production can be an example. The economy of developing countries is built on the production of commodities, particularly mining. Cocoa production in developing countries is particularly unique because it is done by small producers. The strongest demand of the plaintiffs comes from chocolate producers where cocoa is the most important input, who are attending to an increasingly sophisticated market.This article tries to explain this new relationship in the market and that can be used by farmers, with the support of public and private institutions, because it is the only way to get a better price. The value chain must be strengthened from within the country, then will come the buyers who are ready to give their support in this market that is...
8
artículo
Publicado 2017
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The opening of Peru to foreign markets in the past 20 years is a consequence of the signature of several Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with our main partners in business, both on a bilateral and multilateral level. In this article, on the one hand, important changes to customs regulations concerning obligations arose from the signature of several FTA will be analyzed and, on the other hand, a comparative analysis regarding regulations about facilitation of commerce and customs procedures contained in FTA signed with our main Asian partners in business will be developed.
9
artículo
Publicado 2017
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The opening of Peru to foreign markets in the past 20 years is a consequence of the signature of several Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with our main partners in business, both on a bilateral and multilateral level. In this article, on the one hand, important changes to customs regulations concerning obligations arose from the signature of several FTA will be analyzed and, on the other hand, a comparative analysis regarding regulations about facilitation of commerce and customs procedures contained in FTA signed with our main Asian partners in business will be developed.
10
artículo
This article refers to food safety as an important issue on the framework of sanitary and phytosanitary measures and international trade. The study refers to sanitary and phytosanitary measures on multilateral scope—World Trade Organization—and its role on the treatment of food safety related to international trade among countries, and how it serves as platform for further developments in the context of the free trade agreements (FTAs), and in particular the FTAs signed by Peru. After the review of this issue at multilateral and bilateral/regional level, it is questioned whether it is necessary a specific provision on the FTAs about food safety or if its effective treatment can be done with the sustantive provisions about sanitary and phytosanitary measures of the FTAs.
11
artículo
This article refers to food safety as an important issue on the framework of sanitary and phytosanitary measures and international trade. The study refers to sanitary and phytosanitary measures on multilateral scope—World Trade Organization—and its role on the treatment of food safety related to international trade among countries, and how it serves as platform for further developments in the context of the free trade agreements (FTAs), and in particular the FTAs signed by Peru. After the review of this issue at multilateral and bilateral/regional level, it is questioned whether it is necessary a specific provision on the FTAs about food safety or if its effective treatment can be done with the sustantive provisions about sanitary and phytosanitary measures of the FTAs.
12
tesis de grado
Publicado 2020
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La presente investigacion titulada: Impacto del comer justo en el desarrollo sostenible de los caficultores del distrito de Tres Unidos, provincia de Picota, año 2018. La investigación planteo un objetivo general “determinar el impacto del comercio justo en el desarrollo sostenible de los caficultores del distrito de Tres unidos, Provincia de Picota, periodo 2018”. La investigacion se desarrollo con una metodología de diseño no experimental, de tipo aplicada y nivel descritivo-correlacional, para obtener los resultados y llegar a concluir la investigacion se tomó una muestra a 225 caficultores del Distrito de Tres Unidos de la Provincia de Picota, la cual se considero la técnica de instrumentos de recolección de datos por medio de la encuesta y el cuestionario. Asimismo la investigacion concluyo que el comercio Justo sujeto a la evaluación efectuado en los resultados de acuer...
13
artículo
In this paper it will be raised, contrary to what is suggested by the predominant orthodoxy in economic science, that the welfare of society improves not only controlling inflation but also and possibly more importantly, reducing unemployment. As will be seen, the objectives of reducing unemployment through direct state intervention using activist demand policies, as suggested by the Post Keynesian approach, would not accelerate inflation. Consequently, it would not be true as suggested by the analysis derived from the Phillips Curve, that reducing unemployment would necessarily increase inflation and that for this to not happen a certain NAIRU goal must be set (an unemployment rate that does not accelerate inflation). The approach that will be presented, in line with what is suggested by the Poskeynesian School, argues that the state can assume the role of “employer of last resort lab...
14
artículo
Publicado 2025
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This research explores the application of the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory in the context of trade between Peru and China during the period 2002-2019. The PPP, developed to investigate the link between exchange rates and market prices, remains relevant in a globalized environment where economies are interconnected. Trade between the two countries has grown exponentially, highlighting the need to understand how variations in inflation rates affect the nominal exchange rate (NER). Using an Error Correction Model (VECM), this study examines the validity of the PPP theory in this trade relationship, providing valuable insights for the formulation of economic policies and foreign trade strategies. This study confirms the long-term relationship between inflation and exchange rates, which is also influenced by structural factors and global events. These include external shocks, includin...
15
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The purpose of this study is to examine trends in Chinese investment within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and to recognize the opportunities that arise for Latin America. To this end, the literature summarizing the relations between these two economies was compiled. In addition, various sources of information were used to evaluate Chinese projects in different regions and compare them with those in Latin America. The results confirm China's strong dynamism, although recently softened by greater adversity to irrigation. At the same time, there is an important momentum with some large investments in the region, especially in South America. It is concluded that the region has favorable conditions to capitalize on the opportunities generated by the IFR.
16
artículo
Publicado 2022
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This article reflects on the memory of the rubber boom in the mid Napo River towards the end of the XIX century and the beginning of XX century in the village of Angoteros. In this article, we develop a theoretical discussion to better understand a complex memory through the notion of phenomenological texts and perspectivism. In the ethnographic data, we present the image of the yakuruna boat, generated in ayahuasca rituals, as a text that accounts for the relationship of the people of Angoteros with the commercial dynamics along the rubber trade. We aim that the symbolic complex of the master spirits and the yakuruna boat start from a phenomenological text that defines the memories of the Rubber Boom in the mid Napo River region.
17
artículo
Publicado 2012
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In mid 2012, the developed economies are on the brink of a downward spiral driven by four mutually reinforcing factors: a sovereign debt crisis, a fragile banking industry, weak aggregate demand (associated with high unemployment), and paralytic policy frameworks caused by political and institutional weaknesses. These weaknesses are already a fact; however, a further deterioration in any of the m could trigger a vicious cycle leading to sever financial turmoil and a deepening economic crisis. This could also seriously affect emerging and other developing countries through trade and financial channels.
18
artículo
Publicado 2013
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In Peru, the evidence shows the link between emerging markets and national value chains, articulated to the sustainable use of biodiversity. In this sense, the mega biodiversity and therefore the services provided by ecosystems have contributed to respond to the opportunities offered by the international market.In this context, this paper aims to analyze the economic importance of biodiversity, particularly in the development of value chains in different Peruvian regions, which are part of a diversified export supply.
19
artículo
Publicado 2022
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This research focuses on mules, mammals whose strength and endurance were essential to the Spanish-American colonial economy at a time when there were no tractors or railways. The study explores the importance of mules for overland trade, the difficulties and risks faced by mule traders, the credit problems of the Indians and the development of the reparto system that simplified business. Both registers and testimonies in Peru show a severe shortage of mules as a result of the suppression of the reparto system, decreed by the Crown since 1780. Faced with this major problem, authorities and traders tried to reverse the situation.
20
artículo
Publicado 2021
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This article aims to determine the influence of the English language in international business by interpreting the results obtained from the analysis of macroeconomic data from the World Bank and the EPI in 2019, for 190 world economies. An exploratory investigation was carried out, through the analysis of conglomerates and factorial analysis for four variables; starting a business (APN), trading across borders (CT), level of english (English level) and current education expenditure, total % of total expenditure in public institutions (GCEP). It should be noted that values ??had to be assigned to the variables prior to the analysis, in order to work with categorical variables. Based on the results obtained, it can be affirmed that the English language is essential for international trade, and to generate economic development in the process; likewise, as a subject, the English language mu...
