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1
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Case-control studies are analytical observational epidemiological studies generally devoted to evaluate factors associated with infrequent diseases. Its hierarchy within the pyramid of evidence lies in an intermediate place between cross sectional and cohort studies. The measure of association used for these studies is the Odds Ratio. Some variants of this design, such as incident and nested case studies and nested case-control studies (within a cohort) can reduce the risk of selection bias. The basic concepts related to this type of studies are reviewed.
2
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Introducción: Un estudio de casos y controles es un estudio en el que se compara individuos que tuvieron un desenlace de interés o outcome (casos) versus individuos que no tuvieron dicho resultado (controles) con respecto a la exposición de interés, potencialmente un "factor de riesgo" o “factor de protección”. El objetivo de un estudio de casos y controles es primariamente determinar si existe asociación entre una exposición (o varias) y un desenlace de interés. Esta asociación debe ser cuantificada y reportada como un odds ratio o razón de momios teniendo en cuenta sus fortalezas y limitaciones. En general, este tipo de estudios ofrece como ventajas su relativo bajo costo y rapidez con la que es posible realizarlos. Sin embargo, no son idóneos si lo que se quiere investigar son desenlaces de interés frecuente o con periodos de latencia largos. En el presente artículo s...
3
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Introduction: A case-control study is a study comparing individuals who had an outcome of interest (cases) versus individuals who had no such outcome (controls) with respect to the exposure of interest, potentially a "risk factor "or" protection factor." The objective of a case-control study is primarily to determine if there is an association between one exposure (or several) and an outcome of interest. This association must be quantified and reported as an odds ratio or odds ratio taking into account its strengths and limitations. In general, this type of study offers as advantages its relatively low cost and speed with which it is possible to carry them out. However, they are not ideal if what you want to investigate are frequent outcomes or with long latency periods. In this article, the primary methodological considerations of the design of case-control studies have been reviewed, h...
4
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Los estudios de casos y controles son estudios epidemiológicos observacionales analíticos utilizados generalmente para evaluar factores asociados a condiciones de presentación infrecuente. Su jerarquía dentro de la pirámide de evidencia se ubica en un lugar intermedio, generalmente con un nivel de evidencia considerado mayor que los estudios transversales analíticos y menor que los estudios de cohorte. La medida de asociación utilizada para estos estudios es el Odds Ratio (o razón de momios). Algunas variantes de este diseño como los estudios de casos y controles incidentes y los anidados (dentro de una cohorte) permiten disminuir el riesgo de sesgo de selección. Se revisan los conceptos básicos relacionados a este tipo de estudios.
5
artículo
Publicado 2025
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This article presents a detailed analysis of the Ruling issued on July 24, 2024, corresponding to Case No. 0026-2021-PI/TC, which establishes the limits of the sanctioning authority of the Office of the Comptroller General of the Republic. The document examines the aspects and principles that must be considered when the regulator defines or structures conducts that constitute infractions in any matter. The objective of the article is to explore and highlight the delimitation of the sanctioning authority of public entities, with a special focus on the Office of the Comptroller General of the Republic (CGR). In addition, the regulatory framework for the creation of infringing conducts is evaluated.
6
artículo
A case-control study was designed to evaluate risk factors for gestational trophoblastic disease. At Arzobispo Loayza Hospital, between 1984 lo 1992. The incidence of hydatidyforme mole was 4,711000 deliveries. Mean age of the study group was 28,42 years. High school level of education was associated with lower risk (OR=0,48; CI=0,233-0,98). Socioeconomic status was not related to risk. No effect of protection or risk was related to the parity of the patients. Women with the disease bad an average age at first pregnancy (19,97 years) lower than that of controls (21,22 years). The personal history of previous gestational trophoblastic disease was associated with an odds ratio of 6.51; however, it was without significance (p=0,101).
7
artículo
Publicado 2024
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El objetivo del artículo es reportar el desempeño clínico en el control y disminución de la placa bacteriana en pacientes adolescentes mediante un gel y barniz con partículas S-PRG. Se realizaron tratamientos con materiales bioactivos con tecnología GIOMER en 2 pacientes. En el primer caso se realizó una profilaxis con Pro Care Gel (S-PRG) en un paciente de 15 años con problemas neuromotores para eliminar la placa y posteriormente, se aplicó un barniz con partículas de S-PRG para prevenir la formación de biofilm. En el segundo caso, un adolescente de 15 años normoreactivo con inflamación gingival recibió el tratamiento profilaxis con PRG Pro Care Gel. Se observó una disminución de placa bacteriana tras la profilaxis con el gel Pro Care y la aplicación del barniz en el primer caso. Además, existió una baja incidencia de biofilm incluso después de 11 meses de la aplicac...
8
artículo
The aim of the present study was to describe potential risk factors for canine leptospirosis infections in patients of the Small Animal Clinic at the Veterinary School, San Marcos University, Lima, through a case-control study. Data from clinical records and serological test results from 2002 to 2007 were reviewed. Forty four cases and 394 controls were enrolled into the study. Collected data included sex, size, age, season of the year, and origin, and were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Risk factors related to the disease were: sex (male has double risk), size (bigger dogs have two times more risk) and age (risk increased with age).
9
artículo
Objetive: To determine whether dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. Material and methods: A case-matched controls by age and sex was performed. The cases were composed of patients with clinical and tomographic diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease and controls for patients with different disease. Both groups underwent dosage serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in the first 24 hours of admission to hospital. Results: A total of 160 patients were studied (80 cases and 80 controls). The average for cases was 64.92 ± 11. 58 years and 64.97 ± 11.42 years controls; 63.75% were of male and 36.25% females (p = 0.798, not significant). Mean serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol in the cases were 191.4, 130.50 and 120.41 mg / dl; with p = 0.008, 0.001 and 0.060 in cases and controls respectively. The odds ratio between cases...
10
artículo
Carta al editor (sin resumen)
11
artículo
Publicado 2015
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Objectives: To identify the main maternal and perinatal complications in primiparous adolescents, when compared with a control group. Design: Observational, analytical, case-control. Location: Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales, teaching hospital. Participants: primigravid Adolescents. Interventions: He divided the population {on two homogeneous groups of 162 participants each, randomly selected and distributed by age in case group (10-19 years old) and control (20-29 years). Main outcome measures: Complications in pregnancy. Results: The mean age of the adolescents was 17.5 years, 61.2% had not completed secondary school, only 8.6% were students, 83% housewife. 71% of couples of teenagers teen was of age. The teens had less prenatal care than adults, 83% versus 89%, although with p> 0.05. The most common complication was urinary teen infection (p = 0...
12
artículo
Publicado 2015
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A group of 14 school-age patients with previous diagnosis of essential dysmenorrhea underwent an open, controlled comparative study over a period of six months, totaling 84 cases-cycle, in order to compare the action of mefenamic acid with that of a combination of four drugs incorporated into a pharmaceutical specialty. The final results showed a clear superiority of mefenamic acid (92% to 58%) relief of severe dysmenorrhea. In the group of patients with moderate dysmenorrhea, the results were similar. In both groups, the side effects were mild and transient.
13
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Objective: To determine the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological factors that motivate hospitalization for asthmatic crisis at Yanahuara Hospital, Arequipa-Peru. Material and methods: Observational, prospective, case-control study in which risk factors for hospitalization were studied, comparing 84 hospitalized asthmatic children with 110 control children of the Asthma Program. Results: The highest frequency of hospitalization occurs in the range of 6-12 year-old (51.2 %) majority male (56 %). The associated clinical factors were the fact of presenting previous respiratory symptoms (p<0.01), history of allergic rhinitis (p<0.01; OR=3.80) and history of exercise intolerance (EIB) (p<0.01; OR=4.89). Among the laboratory factors, high IgE was found positive for age (p=0.037; OR=2.70). The epidemiological factors that were associated with ...
14
artículo
OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors of maternal and fetal risks that are associated with premature birth. Material and Methods: A retrospective, comparative, case-control, based on medical records and interviews of patients whose births were attended at the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital between January 1 and March 31, 2003. Study was included all cases (106 premature) and controls (term 1325) that occurred in the study period. In the statistical evaluation the multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was used; thus the odds ratio (ratio of products) and the confidence interval for each variable was determined. The significance level used was 95% (p <0.05]. RESULTS: maternal risk factors were age <20 years, history of prematurity, inadequate prenatal care, urinary tract infection, premature rupture of membranes, and preeclampsia-eclampsia antepartum haemorrhage and fetal risk fac...
15
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Objective. To establish the association between insulin resistance and thyroid nodules in euthyroid women from Metropolitan Lima. Methods. Study in euthyroid women, 20 to 70 years of age: 32 cases (with thyroid nodules) and 32 controls (without thyroid nodules), by ultrasound of the thyroid, negative anti-thyroid antibodies, and adequate urinary iodine excretion (EUI), matched by age and BMI, treated in the Almenara-EsSalud care network. Using a clinical record, age and anthropometric parameters were recorded. Was measured: glucose, basal insulin (IB), and insulin resistance (IR) using the homeostatic model (HOMAIR≥2.97). EUI was detected by spectrophotometer at 420 nm, it was considered adequate between 100-300 ug/L. For the statistical analysis, the student’s t-test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Odds Ratio adjusted for age and abdominal obesity were used, considering...
16
artículo
Publicado 2015
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A group of 14 school-age patients with previous diagnosis of essential dysmenorrhea underwent an open, controlled comparative study over a period of six months, totaling 84 cases-cycle, in order to compare the action of mefenamic acid with that of a combination of four drugs incorporated into a pharmaceutical specialty. The final results showed a clear superiority of mefenamic acid (92% to 58%) relief of severe dysmenorrhea. In the group of patients with moderate dysmenorrhea, the results were similar. In both groups, the side effects were mild and transient.
17
artículo
OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors of maternal and fetal risks that are associated with premature birth. Material and Methods: A retrospective, comparative, case-control, based on medical records and interviews of patients whose births were attended at the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital between January 1 and March 31, 2003. Study was included all cases (106 premature) and controls (term 1325) that occurred in the study period. In the statistical evaluation the multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was used; thus the odds ratio (ratio of products) and the confidence interval for each variable was determined. The significance level used was 95% (p <0.05]. RESULTS: maternal risk factors were age <20 years, history of prematurity, inadequate prenatal care, urinary tract infection, premature rupture of membranes, and preeclampsia-eclampsia antepartum haemorrhage and fetal ri...
18
artículo
Publicado 2015
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Objectives: To identify the main maternal and perinatal complications in primiparous adolescents, when compared with a control group. Design: Observational, analytical, case-control. Location: Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales, teaching hospital. Participants: primigravid Adolescents. Interventions: He divided the population {on two homogeneous groups of 162 participants each, randomly selected and distributed by age in case group (10-19 years old) and control (20-29 years). Main outcome measures: Complications in pregnancy. Results: The mean age of the adolescents was 17.5 years, 61.2% had not completed secondary school, only 8.6% were students, 83% housewife. 71% of couples of teenagers teen was of age. The teens had less prenatal care than adults, 83% versus 89%, although with p> 0.05. The most common complication was urinary teen infection (p ...
19
artículo
Publicado 2021
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Objective: To determine the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological factors that motivate hospitalization for asthmatic crisis at Yanahuara Hospital, Arequipa-Peru. Material and methods: Observational, prospective, case-control study in which risk factors for hospitalization were studied, comparing 84 hospitalized asthmatic children with 110 control children of the Asthma Program. Results: The highest frequency of hospitalization occurs in the range of 6-12 year-old (51.2 %) majority male (56 %). The associated clinical factors were the fact of presenting previous respiratory symptoms (p<0.01), history of allergic rhinitis (p<0.01; OR=3.80) and history of exercise intolerance (EIB) (p<0.01; OR=4.89). Among the laboratory factors, high IgE was found positive for age (p=0.037; OR=2.70). The epidemiological factors that were associated with ...
20
artículo
Publicado 2015
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Hematogenous tuberculosis occurs at higher rates in pregnant than in non-pregnant women; 10% of TB cases in the first and 5% by the latter. This study was conducted in two groups of patients 150 and 200 respectively, under similar conditions for both. Have controlled 15 patients with bloodborne forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, in a systematic and ongoing, during and after grávidopuerperal state for a period of at least four years in total, with a treatment that I implied: permanent hospitalization and hygienic-dietary regimen -medicamentoso right. It has been observed in these patients obstetric pathology similar to that of very advanced tuberculosis not hematógenas: premature termination of pregnancy, anemia true; hipodinomias in labor; subinvolution uterine postpartum; etc., at higher percentages than usual. But they have not noticed genital bleeding in any case, made striking by the...
