Introduction. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) interacting with the promastigote of Leishmania spp. determines the cellular activation pathway. Objective. To determine the transcriptional expression of TLR-3, TLR-4, TLR-9, IL-12 and TNF-α in macrophages infected with a native strain of L. braziliensis (Lbn). Materials and Methods. Identification of Lbn was performed by qPCR for kinetoplast DNA sequences. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected with promastigotes (MI) and nitric oxide (NO) production was measured; transcript levels for TLRs and cytokines were quantified by qRT-PCR. Results. Lbn showed 96% homology to L. braziliensis. High ON production was observed in IMs at 2 h; significant transcriptional expression especially of TLR-3 and TLR-9, which corresponded with expression for cytokines. Conclusions. Lbn strongly activated macrophages via endosomal TLRs, which can be applied in ...

Menciona que Leishmania braziliensis es un protozoario causante de la leishmaniasis o uta, enfermedad endémica crónica de baja patogenicidad, alta morbilidad, metaxénica y zoonótica que compromete piel, mucosas y vísceras. Es transmitida por un díptero del género Lutzomyia, afecta alrededor de 12 millones de personas alrededor del mundo y a 12 departamentos en el Perú. Leishmania braziliensis tiene patrones moleculares de membrana asociadas a patógenos que son reconocidos por los receptores tipo toll (TLR) presentes en el hospedero, tanto en la superficie celular como a nivel intracelular. Los TLRs están conformados por una familia de 23 tipos que van a reconocer ligandos presentes en patógenos en común. Cuando se da la unión del ligando con un TLR desencadenará una secuencia de señales activando la expresión de moléculas coestimuladoras y citoquinas promoviendo una infl...

Las raíces de Lepidium peruvianum Chacón (maca) son reconocidas por sus propiedades curativas dentro de la medicina tradicional, estas poseen metabolitos secundarios con actividad biológica como alcaloides, flavonoides y glicosinolatos que podrían estimular la recuperación del sistema inmune en animales con inmunosupresión experimental por Ciclofosfamida (CP) que induce supresión del sistema inmune humoral en ratones. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo comprobar el efecto modulador de la maca sobre la respuesta inmune humoral en ratones suprimidos con ciclofosfamida. Fueron obtenidos tres tipos de extractos: clorofórmico (ECl), metanólico (EMe) y acuoso (EAc) que se administraron por vía oral en dosis de 300mg/Kg del peso corporal.

duplicación 4q,We report the case of a newborn with multiple congenital malformations by unbalanced chromosome complement 46,XY,der(20),t(4;20)(q21;q13.1)mat originated by a reciprocal translocation apparently balanced between chromosomes 4 and 20 in the mother who had a karyotype 46,XX,t(4;20)(q21;q13.1) de novo. The proband´s karyotype showed a duplication of the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome 4 (partial trisomy 4q). The phenotype was altered, presenting several craniofacial, and malformations of internal organs that led to his early death. hereditary commitment and to detect posible carriers. The risks also were determined to provide an appropiate genetic counseling.

duplicación 4q,We report the case of a newborn with multiple congenital malformations by unbalanced chromosome complement 46,XY,der(20),t(4;20)(q21;q13.1)mat originated by a reciprocal translocation apparently balanced between chromosomes 4 and 20 in the mother who had a karyotype 46,XX,t(4;20)(q21;q13.1) de novo. The proband´s karyotype showed a duplication of the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome 4 (partial trisomy 4q). The phenotype was altered, presenting several craniofacial, and malformations of internal organs that led to his early death. hereditary commitment and to detect posible carriers. The risks also were determined to provide an appropiate genetic counseling.

Objective: To determine the association of microsatellite markers D4S2912, D4S230 and D4S3001 with diabetes type 2 (DM2) in the Peruvian population. Material and Methods: We analyzed the microsatellite markers D4S2912, D4S230 and D4S3001 in 99 diabetics and 120 healthy individuals to D4S2912, D4S230 and 129 to 133 for D0453001 as controls from Lima. We processed the 0NA extracted from blood intravenously, amplified by the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the three markers in the region 4p15.1. Finally, we analyzed the polymorphisms of the markers and determined the genetic homogeneity of the population through proof of Hardy-Weinberg (HW), and continued in the study of association of 0M2 in patients versus controls. Results: In D4S2912 and D4S3001 there was absence of an allele in the control group when compared with the diabetic population. When performing association an...

The partial trisomy 4p, usually originated from translocations between chromosome 4 and other non-homologous chromosomes or pericentric inversion of chromosome 4, causing abnormal chromosome gametes between normal and the inverted one, yielding a recombinant chromosome duplication can carry small ami segments (4p) or the long arm (4q) the latter being non-viable. The phenotypic characteristics of this condition present with severe mental retardation, delayed psychomotor development, craniofacial anomalies, strabismus, musculoskeletal defects, heart defects, cryptorchidism and micropenis. We describe the case of a 1-year 6-month child with delay in psychomotor development and dysmorphic features, having a recombinant 4p duplication of paternal origin. It is the first case of duplication 4p found in our institution due to hereditary, it is necessary to perform counseling to parents and mon...

Chromosomal deletions are structural abnormalities that cause loss of genomic material, depending on itslength they use to generate several disabling genetic conditions. Interstitial deletion of chromosome 17 shortarm in 17p11.2 region is related to the appearance of phenotypic characteristics related to a genetic conditionknown as Smith-Magenis syndrome. This deletions spans in a range between <1.5 and 9 Mb, shows somefeatures as craniofacial dysmorphia, delayed psychomotor development, speech problems, sleep disorders,limb abnormalities, malformations of brain, heart and kidney also are expressed. We present a case of a 10monthsold girl with brachycephaly, bulging forehead, sunken eyes, epicanthal folds, malformed ears, shortphiltrum, small mouth and ventriculomegaly. The gir´sl karyotype was 46,XX,del(17)(p11.2), no moleculartests were performed because they were not available, bu...

We describe the case of a male term neonate with psychomotor development anomalies, craniofacial defects, limbs and genital anomalies, born at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal in which an interstitial chromosomal deletion was found in the long arm of chromosome 4. The karyotype of the newborn was 46, XY, del (4) (q22q25) de novo. The phenotypic traits observed in the propositus were compatible with 4q- syndrome.

The partial trisomy 4p, usually originated from translocations between chromosome 4 and other non-homologous chromosomes or pericentric inversion of chromosome 4, causing abnormal chromosome gametes between normal and the inverted one, yielding a recombinant chromosome duplication can carry small ami segments (4p) or the long arm (4q) the latter being non-viable. The phenotypic characteristics of this condition present with severe mental retardation, delayed psychomotor development, craniofacial anomalies, strabismus, musculoskeletal defects, heart defects, cryptorchidism and micropenis. We describe the case of a 1-year 6-month child with delay in psychomotor development and dysmorphic features, having a recombinant 4p duplication of paternal origin. It is the first case of duplication 4p found in our institution due to hereditary, it is necessary to perform counseling to parents and mon...

Chromosomal deletions are structural abnormalities that cause loss of genomic material, depending on itslength they use to generate several disabling genetic conditions. Interstitial deletion of chromosome 17 shortarm in 17p11.2 region is related to the appearance of phenotypic characteristics related to a genetic conditionknown as Smith-Magenis syndrome. This deletions spans in a range between <1.5 and 9 Mb, shows somefeatures as craniofacial dysmorphia, delayed psychomotor development, speech problems, sleep disorders,limb abnormalities, malformations of brain, heart and kidney also are expressed. We present a case of a 10monthsold girl with brachycephaly, bulging forehead, sunken eyes, epicanthal folds, malformed ears, shortphiltrum, small mouth and ventriculomegaly. The gir´sl karyotype was 46,XX,del(17)(p11.2), no moleculartests were performed because they were not available, bu...

We describe the case of a male term neonate with psychomotor development anomalies, craniofacial defects, limbs and genital anomalies, born at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal in which an interstitial chromosomal deletion was found in the long arm of chromosome 4. The karyotype of the newborn was 46, XY, del (4) (q22q25) de novo. The phenotypic traits observed in the propositus were compatible with 4q- syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the changes in the plasma-circulating adiponectin concentration in 23 premenopausal obese women living in Lima after a body mass reduction as a result of an aerobic physical activity program and a low-calorie diet. Materials and methods: An analytical and quasi-experimental study was conducted in a group of obese women. In addition, another 24 women were considered as control or reference group for comparing their adiponectin concentration and other biochemical markers. The quantification of adiponectin was carried out using the ELISA test. Fasting blood glucose concentration, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides levels were quantified by routine clinical analysis. Results: Before beginning the program, the control group showed high adiponectin levels (median, 8.54 µg/mL; range, 6.14 µg/ mL to 13.49 µg/mL) compared to the obesity group (med...

Trisomy 8 is an uncommon anomaly in neonates, frequently being a lethal condition among individuals with pure trisomiclines and more tolerable in mosaics cases. This aneuploidy is mainly characterized by a moderate - severe intellectual deficitand poor motor coordination. Affected individuals presents craniofacial malformations, prominent forehead, arched palate,deformed ears with low implantation, elongated trunk, reduced motility, articular defects and deep plantar grooves, which isone of the main characteristics of this condition. Abnormalities of internal organs are of varying severity. We present the reportof two cases of trisomy 8 or Warkany syndrome 2 born at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal.

Genetic association analysis between snp rs914458 of protein tyrosine phosphatase, non- receptor type 1(ptpn1) gene and Type 2 Diabetes in Peruvian Population

Trisomy 8 is an uncommon anomaly in neonates, frequently being a lethal condition among individuals with pure trisomiclines and more tolerable in mosaics cases. This aneuploidy is mainly characterized by a moderate - severe intellectual deficitand poor motor coordination. Affected individuals presents craniofacial malformations, prominent forehead, arched palate,deformed ears with low implantation, elongated trunk, reduced motility, articular defects and deep plantar grooves, which isone of the main characteristics of this condition. Abnormalities of internal organs are of varying severity. We present the reportof two cases of trisomy 8 or Warkany syndrome 2 born at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal.