En el presente trabajo se evaluó la sostenibilidad del sistema productivo del café orgánico y convencional en la selva central del Perú, utilizándose el análisis emergético desarrollado por Odum (1996). Los aportes de los flujos de recursos económicos y de los flujos de recursos naturales al sistema de producción orgánico fueron de 49,94% y 50,06%, respectivamente. Para el sistema convencional fue de 49,93% y 50,07%. Los índices emergéticos obtenidos muestran que el sistema orgánico es menos eficiente que el sistema convencional. Sin embargo ambos sistemas son más eficientes que los reportados en Brasil. La renovabilidad de ambos sistemas es similar, siendo ligeramente mayor la del café orgánico. Ambos sistemas presentan índices emergéticos iguales, excepto la tasa de carga ambiental que es mayor para el sistema de café orgánico, en tanto que, el índice de sostenibil...

En el presente trabajo se evaluó la sostenibilidad del sistema productivo del café orgánico y convencional en la selva central del Perú, utilizándose el análisis emergético desarrollado por Odum (1996). Los aportes de los flujos de recursos económicos y de los flujos de recursos naturales al sistema de producción orgánico fueron de 49,94% y 50,06%, respectivamente. Para el sistema convencional fue de 49,93% y 50,07%. Los índices emergéticos obtenidos muestran que el sistema orgánico es menos eficiente que el sistema convencional. Sin embargo ambos sistemas son más eficientes que los reportados en Brasil. La renovabilidad de ambos sistemas es similar, siendo ligeramente mayor la del café orgánico. Ambos sistemas presentan índices emergéticos iguales, excepto la tasa de carga ambiental que es mayor para el sistema de café orgánico, en tanto que, el índice de sostenibil...

In this study, the inhibition of the corrosion of ASTM A192 steel in HCl 0,5 M at temperature different, by the Linum usitatissimum mucilage, was investigated using techniques: Tafel extrapolation, linear polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical frequency modulation. The Linum mucilage acts as an optimum corrosion inhibitor of ASTM A192 steel in HCl. The average inhibition efficiency obtained with the evaluated techniques were of 84,3% at 25 °C, 89,0% at 45 °C and 91,8% at 65 °C, with a concentration of the mucilage of 1 g/l. It was found that the efficiency of inhibition and the adsorption constant increased with increasing temperature. The standard enthalpy of adsorption was positive and the apparent activation energy decreased with the increase of the concentration of the mucilage. All these parameters indicate that the adsorption of flaxs...

ABSTRACT Starch was isolated from three Andean-native crops — arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza), oca (Oxalis tuberosa), and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) — for use as a raw material for the production of foam trays. The starches were characterized in their proximal composition, crystallinity, microstructure and thermal properties. The sweet potato starch showed the highest amylose content (42.65%) and the lowest protein content (0.30%). The oca starch granules were larger (10–30 μm) than sweet potato and arracacha starch. The highest crystallinity of sweet potato starch caused larger values of onset temperature (To), peak temperature (Tp), conclusion temperature (Tc) (67.64 °C, 72.83 °C, and 81.20 °C, respectively) than arracacha and oca starch. The novel foam trays showed good appearance, adequate expansion, and low density; however, all foam trays showed a water abs...

ABSTRACT The agro-industrial wastes, sugarcane bagasse (SB) and asparagus peel (AP), were used to enhance the properties of biodegradable foam trays based on sweet potato starch-based foam trays (starch/SB and starch/AP trays, respectively). Starch/SB and starch/AP trays containing different concentrations of SB and AP (0%-40%, w/w) were prepared, and their microstructure and physical, thermal, and mechanical properties were characterized. The addition of fibers wastes allowed obtaining a yellowish foam tray with lower luminosity and higher porosity, mechanical resistance, deformability, and better ability to absorb water as compared with the sweet potato starch foam trays without fibers. The addition of SB yielded foam trays less porous, with lower water absorption capacity and greater tensile strength than the addition of AP. Higher concentrations of AP fibers (greater than 30%) genera...

The authors are grateful to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project n° 2014/16998-3 and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for funding the project n° 401004/2014-7. The authors are also grateful to Cienciactiva for the A.C. Miano Ph.D. (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 272-2015-FONDECYT) and M.L. Rojas Ph.D. (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 087-2016-FONDECYT) scholarships, from the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Inovación Tecnológica”.

The authors are grateful to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project No 2016/15012-2, and Cienciactiva for the Erick Saldaña PhD scholarship, from the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 104-2016-FONDECYT).

The authors are grateful to the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) for funding the project No. 2016/15012-2. Erick Saldaña received the support of the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - CONCYTEC” from Peru, in the framework of the CIENCIACTIVA programme, through the award of a PhD scholarship under contract agreement No. 104-2016-FONDECYT.