Owing to the impossibility of explaining the abrupt changes in the Peruvian economy, especially since 1968, using traditional variables (physical capital and workforce), this piece attempts to do so by applying fresh ones (human capital, government spending and real liquidity). These provide an explanation for a substantial part of the function of production in the Peruvian economy between 1960 and 1990. The use of these variables is grounded in the models of growth with endogenous technical progress, which suggest that an economy's growth does not depend on any single factor but a combination of them. The study confirms this fact for readers.

Developing countries have been, in most cases, sceptical about the implementation of intellectual property protection (IPP) with the premise that this policy will hurt the coverage of medicines because the price of the drugs will be substantially high. This claim has overlooked the long run effect of IPP and has dismissed the other relevant policies to tackle the low drug coverage in poor countries. In this paper we measure the impact of IPP on Antiretroviral drugs coverage in 59 countries. According to our estimates, an increase in one unit in the IPP, measured by Park-Guinarte index, leads to an increase of 6% in antiretrovirals prices. However, the overall impact of IPP on coverage is positive; in fact, the marginal impact of a unit of increase in IPP on coverage is almost 14%. This is, most likely, due to the proper incentive framework provided by the IPP to create more and better d...

El consumo de alcohol por menores de edad es un problema grave que afecta a todo el mundo. En el Perú, 50% de aquellos que consumieron alcohol alguna vez comenzó antes de los 13 años; y el 90%, antes de los 16. Examinamos las variables correlacionadas con la frecuencia e intensidad de consumo de menores de edad en el Perú. Encontramos que las características individuales (fumar y portar armas), la exposición a eventos traumáticos (como abuso sexual y violencia doméstica), los efectos de pares, y el acceso a la información, se correlacionaron significativamente con dichas decisiones. Este resultado subraya la importancia de abordar el problema de manera integral, incluyendo a los estudiantes escolares, los padres, las escuelas y el gobierno; en especial, si consideramos que las políticas dirigidas a los adolescentes pueden tener efectos multiplicadores.

Underage drinking is a serious problem worldwide. In the case of Peru, 50% of those who have ever used alcohol started doing so before the age of 13, and 90% before 16. In this study, we examine the correlations of frequency and intensity of underage drinking in Peru. We find that individual characteristics (smoking and carrying guns), exposure to traumatic events (sexual abuse and domestic violence), peer effects, and access to information are significantly correlated with drinking. This highlights the importance of addressing the problem in a comprehensive manner that includes students, parents, schools, and the government, especially considering that policies targeted at adolescents may have multiplier effects.

Owing to the impossibility of explaining the abrupt changes in the Peruvian economy, especially since 1968, using traditional variables (physical capital and workforce), this piece attempts to do so by applying fresh ones (human capital, government spending and real liquidity). These provide an explanation for a substantial part of the function of production in the Peruvian economy between 1960 and 1990. The use of these variables is grounded in the models of growth with endogenous technical progress, which suggest that an economy's growth does not depend on any single factor but a combination of them. The study confirms this fact for readers.

In Peru one out of four children suffers chronic malnutrition and inequalities among different income quintiles are significant. The consequences of this situation are alarming: limits future capacities and productivity, has harmful effects on health, and perpetuates poverty across generations. Using a two stages least squares methodology, this research analyzes the causes of child malnutrition in Peru based in series of demand factors, such as health status and parents’ education, and supply factors such as sewerage infrastructure and Programa Integral de Nutrición (PIN) coverage. The results show child’s weight at birth, district’s malnutrition rate, rations of food provided by PIN, mother’s age and child’s gender are the most important determinants of child malnutrition. When considering wealth quintiles, for the two poorest ones, the floor material, access to potable water...