The aim of this research was to characterize the management style in three types of dairy farms in the province of Lima, Peru. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 18 dairy farms classified as family, informal and corporate farms. Surveys were applied to the managers and workers of each farm to evaluate the management style in two dimensions: "People" and "Tasks", based on the two-dimensional analysis model with six variables per dimension. Significant differences were found between management styles. In the "People" dimension, corporate farms had higher scores in the environment and relationships variables compared to informal farms (p<0.05), while family farms had a higher score in the relationship variable compared to informal farms (p<0.05). In the "Tasks" dimension, corporate farms had a higher score in the control, performance and objectives variables comp...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of dairy cows with delayed uterine involution under hormonal treatment with estradiol cypionate (CE2) and estradiol benzoate (BE2) between 36 and 49 days after parturition and a group of dairy cows with normal uterine involution. A total of 349 dairy cows with delayed uterine involution and 127 dairy cows without delayed uterine involution from a commercial farm in Lima, Peru were used. The BE2 treatment consisted of the i.m. application of 3 doses of 5 mg at 2-day interval and the CE2 treatment consisted of the i.m. application of 2 doses of 4 mg at 4-day interval. The parameters evaluated were calving-to-conception interval (IPC), services per conception (NSC), conception rate at first service (P1S) and the pregnancy rate at 200 days (P200D). In addition, the likelihood of get pregnant according to the days in lactation...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of dairy cows with delayed uterine involution under hormonal treatment with estradiol cypionate (CE2) and estradiol benzoate (BE2) between 36 and 49 days after parturition and a group of dairy cows with normal uterine involution. A total of 349 dairy cows with delayed uterine involution and 127 dairy cows without delayed uterine involution from a commercial farm in Lima, Peru were used. The BE2 treatment consisted of the i.m. application of 3 doses of 5 mg at 2-day interval and the CE2 treatment consisted of the i.m. application of 2 doses of 4 mg at 4-day interval. The parameters evaluated were calving-to-conception interval (IPC), services per conception (NSC), conception rate at first service (P1S) and the pregnancy rate at 200 days (P200D). In addition, the likelihood of get pregnant according to the days in lactation...

La hipocalcemia subclínica (HCSC) es una enfermedad muy importante en la industria lechera. Esta genera grandes pérdidas económicas debido a que incrementa el riesgo de presentación de otras enfermedades en el postparto temprano e incrementa la tasa de saca. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la HCSC post parto sobre el desempeño reproductivo temprano de las vacas productoras de leche en crianza intensiva de Lima. Para esto se realizó un estudio de cohortes que tuvo la duración de un año. En primer lugar, se realizó el diagnóstico de la HCSC de las vacas antes de los 7 días post parto. Seguidamente, se formó dos grupos de animales, grupo sin HCSC: vacas que tuvieron niveles de calcio sérico (NCaS) por encima de 7.44 mg/dl en los primeros 7 días post parto y grupo con HCSC: vacas que tengan NCaS por debajo de 7.44 mg/dl en los primeros 7 días post parto. Lue...

Este estudio, se presenta como un trabajo de investigación en el cual, se buscó determinar la existencia o no de una relación entre las variables de Control de Inventarios y Gestión de Almacenes; por lo cual, mediante la revisión de diversas bases teóricas de fuentes nacionales e internacionales, así como de antecedentes relevantes sobre la materia de estudio, se obtuvo información importante gracias a la aplicación de herramientas y técnicas de investigación. La empresa Minera Hudbay, inició sus operaciones en diciembre de 2014, contando inicialmente con operaciones de planta y voladura; siendo que, con el paso del tiempo, lograron absorber operaciones de mina, generando un gran impacto en el requerimiento mensual de repuestos, combustible, cal, reactivos, entre otros consumibles y recursos necesarios para sus operaciones. Es así que, teniendo en cuenta esta situación, la ...

Se emplearon 32 muestras de semen procedentes de cuatro ovinos a fin de ser criopreservadas adicionándoles dos antioxidantes:Tempo (2,2,6,6 tetrametil-1-piperidiniloxil) y Tempol (4-hidroxi 2,2,6,6 tetrametil-1-piperidiniloxil), cada uno en concentración de 0.5, 1.0 y 2.5 mM. La finalidad del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto postdescongelamiento que pudiera tener sobre la motilidad progresiva, la viabilidad e integridad acrosomal, y la capacitación espermática prematura. Para cada concentración de cada antioxidante y para el grupo control, se utilizó un dilutor en base a Tris, realizándose 8 repeticiones, cada una con 4 muestras de semen. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la adición de Tempo a una concentración de 0.5 mM mejora significativamente la calidad del semen criopreservado en comparación con el grupo control, incrementado los porcentajes de motilidad progresiva (79 ...

El estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto de los estilos de gestión empleados en los establos lecheros sobre el rendimiento productivo de los ganaderos de la provincia de Lima. Se realizó una investigación de tipo no experimental, se realizaron visitas a los centros de producción lechera para realizar entrevistas a los responsables sobre la organización y el manejo del establo lechero. La investigación se basó en un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar cómo los factores de gestión influyen en el rendimiento productivo, evaluando variables como la gestión de tareas, el manejo del personal y las prácticas de manejo animal. Los resultados indican que el estilo de gestión tiene una influencia significativa en el rendimiento productivo de los establos. Se identificaron dos clústeres para la dimensión tareas/resultados, dos clústeres para personas/relacione...

La investigación sobre el diseño de adoquines ecosostenibles en Piura, utilizando neumáticos reciclados, se alineó con los ODS 9 (Industria, Innovación e Infraestructura) y 11 (Ciudades Sostenibles) de la ONU. El objetivo fue diseñar adoquines eco-sostenibles para pavimentos incorporando neumáticos reciclados, evaluando sus propiedades mecánicas y comparándolos con adoquines convencionales. Se empleó una investigación aplicada con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño experimental, utilizando como población adoquines ecológicos para tránsito pesado en la Av. Los Algarrobos. Los resultados mostraron que la incorporación de fibra de neumático en proporciones del 7%, 14% y 21% generó resistencias de 287 kg/cm², 311 kg/cm² y 281 kg/cm² respectivamente a 28 días, superando la resistencia de referencia (280 kg/cm²). La proporción óptima fue del 14%, que combinó mayor resisten...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the type (dimethylacetamide [DMA] and dimethylformamide [DMF]) and concentrations (1, 3.5, 7%) of cryoprotective agents on three sperm parameters during the cryopreservation process of epididymal alpaca sperm. A 2x3 factorial design consisting of the two cryoprotectants and the three concentrations was used. The parameters of sperm viability (SYBR-14/PI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MitoTracker Deep Red FM) of sperm of 40 epididymis were evaluated by flow cytometry and motility by microscopy after thawing. 111/5000. A higher percentage of motility after thawing was found with AMD (14%) than with DMF (10%) (p=0.001). In addition, there was a significant effect of the cryoprotectant concentration in all the parameters evaluated (p<0.001), being better at concentrations of 1 and 3.5% than with 7%. No significant effect of the ...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the type (dimethylacetamide [DMA] and dimethylformamide [DMF]) and concentrations (1, 3.5, 7%) of cryoprotective agents on three sperm parameters during the cryopreservation process of epididymal alpaca sperm. A 2x3 factorial design consisting of the two cryoprotectants and the three concentrations was used. The parameters of sperm viability (SYBR-14/PI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MitoTracker Deep Red FM) of sperm of 40 epididymis were evaluated by flow cytometry and motility by microscopy after thawing. 111/5000. A higher percentage of motility after thawing was found with AMD (14%) than with DMF (10%) (p=0.001). In addition, there was a significant effect of the cryoprotectant concentration in all the parameters evaluated (p<0.001), being better at concentrations of 1 and 3.5% than with 7%. No significant effect of the ...

This study aimed to determine the service rate (TS) in intensive dairy farms in Lima, Peru and to identify the factors affecting it. For this purpose, 144 experimental units (farm-month units) were used. Each unit consisted of 60 randomly selected cows who had more than 60 days in lactation during the study month and their conception date should be after the start date of the study month. Records of four dairy farms in the provinces of Huaura, Huaral, Lima and Cañete in the period of August 2010 to July 2013 were assessed. The effect of days in milk (DEL), production level (NPX), parity (NP), the percentage of inseminated cows by using prostaglandins (%PG), percentage of inseminated cows under fixed-time artificial insemination (%TAI) and maximum temperature-humidity index (THI Max) on service rate were evaluated. Moreover, farm, year, season and milking frequency were evaluated. TS was...

The aim of this study was to verify if rats of the Holtzman strain can be infected with the enzootic bovine leukosis virus (VLB) when they receive blood and colostrum inocula from bovines infected by the virus via orally and intraperitoneally. This is to find new species of animals that can be used in bioassays and that provide management facilities compared to the ovine species. For this, 28 rats of the Holtzman strain were used plus 8 crossbred sheep that were used as a control group. The 28 rats were distributed into three experimental groups: i) 8 rats inoculated with blood intraperitoneally, ii) 10 rats inoculated with blood orally, and iii) 10 rats inoculated with colostrum orally. The control group of sheep was inoculated with blood intraperitoneally. The inoculum was prepared from blood and colostrum samples from a cow diagnosed as serologically positive for VLB and with persiste...

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la tasa de servicio (TS) de establos de lechería intensiva de Lima, Perú, e identificar los factores que la afectan. Se trabajó con 144 unidades experimentales, denominadas establo-mes. Cada una estuvo conformada por 60 vacas seleccionadas al azar, las cuales debían tener más de 60 días en lactación durante el mes de estudio y su fecha de concepción debía ser después de la fecha de inicio del mes de estudio. Se trabajó con los registros de cuatro establos de las provincias de Huaura, Lima y Cañete en el periodo entre agosto de 2010 y julio de 2013. Se evaluó la posible influencia sobre la TS de los días en lactación (DEL), nivel productivo (NPx), número de partos (NP), porcentaje de vacas con uso de prostaglandinas (%PG), porcentaje de vacas bajo un programa de inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (%IATF) y del índice t...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the excessive duration of the study program and the academic situation of the entrants of the Professional School of Veterinary Medicine (EPMV) of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. The study followed up on entrants between 2004 and 2013, whether or not they had completed their studies. The formal graduation time was established at seven years (formal excess duration index = 1.0) and the time for timely graduation at eight years (timely excess time index = 1.0). By 2022, 78% of entrants had completed their studies, 21% had dropped out, and 42% had a professional degree. The average time from entry to obtaining the professional degree was 10.1 years. The formal excess duration rate was 1.45, so graduates needed 45% more time (about 3 years) to achieve their degree, while the timely excess duration rate was only 1.27. In conclusion, there is...

The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of pasteurization and freezing on the inactivation of the bovine leukosis virus present in milk. A bioassay was carried out using 16 sheep. The animals received an intraperitoneal leukocytes inoculum from cow milk with cells infected with bovine leukosis virus (BVL) previously treated with one of the virus inactivation methods. Four study groups were evaluated: a) control group: milk without prior treatment, b) pasteurization group: milk treated by pasteurization, c) 12-hour freezing group: milk treated by freezing for 12 hours, d) 36-hour freezing group: milk treated by freezing for 36 hours. In the week 10 of the inoculation, all animals (4/4) in the control group and 3/4 of the animals in the 12 h freezing group were seropositive for VLB, while no animal was seropositive (0/4) for VLB in the pasteurization and 36-hour freezing groups. ...

The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of pasteurization and freezing on the inactivation of the bovine leukosis virus present in milk. A bioassay was carried out using 16 sheep. The animals received an intraperitoneal leukocytes inoculum from cow milk with cells infected with bovine leukosis virus (BVL) previously treated with one of the virus inactivation methods. Four study groups were evaluated: a) control group: milk without prior treatment, b) pasteurization group: milk treated by pasteurization, c) 12-hour freezing group: milk treated by freezing for 12 hours, d) 36-hour freezing group: milk treated by freezing for 36 hours. In the week 10 of the inoculation, all animals (4/4) in the control group and 3/4 of the animals in the 12 h freezing group were seropositive for VLB, while no animal was seropositive (0/4) for VLB in the pasteurization and 36-hour freezing groups. ...

This study aimed to discuss the results of a rostrotentorial decompressive craniotomy performed in a ram with had severe neurological signs. The patient had a clinical picture of right paresis product of a left hemisphere syndrome. A computerized axial tomography (CAT) was conducted and a tumour was found in the left cerebral hemisphere. In order to extend the productive life of the animal, given his value as a sire, a decompressive craniotomy was performed. Part of the cranial vault was dissected to provide more space to the brain and relieve intracranial hypertension caused by this pathology. Once recovered from anaesthesia, the animal presented a remission of neurological signs. The patient did not present the previous compulsive circling behaviour, ataxia and head-pressing behaviour. The patient remained under observation for a period of 20 days, during which he presented good temper...

The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between the level of technology and the quality of milk in dairy farms in the province of Lima, Peru. The study was carried out in 18 farms. Data was collected through surveys, as well as analysis of milk samples collected during three consecutive days. Variables related to the level of technology of the farms, as well as the physical, compositional, hygienic and sanitary quality of the milk were evaluated. The results revealed average technical scores of 7.1/10 in management, 4.3/10 in facilities and resources, 4.2/6 in milking, and 15.6/26 in the global technification. Regarding the quality of the milk, average temperatures of 18.38 °C, pH of 6.60, average density of 1.030 g/mL, total solids of 12.11%, and fat of 3.46% were recorded. The mean count of mesophilic bacteria was 210x106, coliforms 6x107, and somatic cells 300x105 ce...

This study aimed to discuss the results of a rostrotentorial decompressive craniotomy performed in a ram with had severe neurological signs. The patient had a clinical picture of right paresis product of a left hemisphere syndrome. A computerized axial tomography (CAT) was conducted and a tumour was found in the left cerebral hemisphere. In order to extend the productive life of the animal, given his value as a sire, a decompressive craniotomy was performed. Part of the cranial vault was dissected to provide more space to the brain and relieve intracranial hypertension caused by this pathology. Once recovered from anaesthesia, the animal presented a remission of neurological signs. The patient did not present the previous compulsive circling behaviour, ataxia and head-pressing behaviour. The patient remained under observation for a period of 20 days, during which he presented good temper...

The study aimed to determine the effect of body condition score (SCC) at the time of artificial insemination on the conception rate (TC) of Holstein cows raised under an intensive system. In total, 1851 inseminations from dairy farm in Lima, Peru were evaluated. The SCC was evaluated through visual observation on a 1-5 scale, forming two groups: SCC <3 and SCC ≥3. The pregnancy diagnosis was made between days 35 and 42 post-service. Overall TC (GTC) and at first insemination were significantly higher in cows with SCC ≥3 than in cows with SCC <3 (p<0.01), with no significant differences at the second and third insemination. SCC had a significant effect on TC at first insemination in multiparous cows (p<0.05), but not in primiparous cows. The SCC did not have a significant effect on the GTC or at the first insemination in cows bred in times of heat stress (October-June), wh...