A debate in Mankind Quarterly positing racial categorization of populations vis-à-vis biological effects of UV radiation was based on data from a single country, used absolute latitude instead of UV radiation, and limited the analysis to path analysis. To overcome limitations of the studies, we utilized measurements of UV radiation for 26 Brazilian and 48 USA states instead of absolute latitude and performed seemingly unrelated regressions in addition to path analysis. NAEP scores and infectious disease rate were collected in USA and PISA scores and infant mortality in Brazil. Significant cognitive effects of European ancestry were replicated, but showed spuriousness, disappearing when the effects of UV radiation were controlled. Our evidence strongly suggests that UV radiation is a consistent antecedent of cognitive ability directly and through income in the USA and Brazil and through ...

Las pequeñas empresas que exportan desde Perú presentan una diversificación limitada de clientes internacionales y esto podría reflejar una mentalidad global subdesarrollada de sus gerentes. También preguntamos si estaban involucrados la generación del gerente, el estatus en la empresa y el tamaño y propiedad de la empresa. En el estudio participaron sesenta y siete empresas con experiencia internacional, seleccionadas aleatoriamente entre afiliadas a la Cámara de Comercio de Lima. La mentalidad global de los gerentes surgió significativamente relacionada con el nivel de diversificación de clientes internacionales de sus empresas, que aumentó desde los baby boomers hasta la generación X y los millennials. Los gerentes contratados superaron a los gerentes propietarios en el mercado global, las empresas más grandes superaron a las más pequeñas y las empresas con propiedad he...

Whereas error prevention in organizations recurs to diverse ways of ensuring that worker behavior complies with norms, rules, and procedures and to elimination of the precursors of error (ineffective layout, inadequate task demands, weak training), error management accepts error as unavoidable and emphasizes its positive administration. The error management sequence starts with the detection of error and follows with its reporting, identification of causes, correction, and institutionalization of the correction. However, error management lags behind error prevention in use of tools of the digitalization/automation era. We developed an application for worker’s use of his/her smartphone to report errors ―SOLUCIONA― in error management. Before disseminating it, workers of six plants of a Peruvian gas bottling company received training to improve worker empowerment in error reporting a...

Abstract Enriching the organization with highly employable workers at the likely cost of experiencing high turnover posits a management paradox, but, in a study in Belgium, De Cuyper and De Witte (2009) claimed to have proved the paradox false. The present research constructively replicates their study targeting the relationships between employability, turnover intention, and absenteeism among client service representatives of a Peruvian call center. De Cuyper and de Witte’s distinction between the likelihood of attaining “another job” and “a better job” was not upheld by confirmatory factor analysis. On the other hand, we found strong positive effects of perceived external employability on employees’ turnover intention, though not on absenteeism. The observed management paradox may represent the circumstance of most call centers worldwide.

El Marco de Valores en Competencia es el modelo mejor estudiado de cultura organizacional. Su instrumento de evaluación solicita al informante distribuir 100 puntos entre opciones de respuesta representativas de los cuatro tipos de cultura del marco. Un sesgo en las respuestas ocurre cuando el informante, aplicando el menor esfuerzo o temiendo represalias, distribuye los 100 puntos en montos aproximadamente iguales. Este artículo presenta análisis de datos provenientes de una empresa pública peruana que produjeron descripciones más válidas de la cultura organizacional cuando se convirtió los puntajes a 1s y 0s, dependiendo de si el puntaje era o no el mayor de los cuatro. Un estudio que además evaluó liderazgo y bienestar emocional en una empresa privada generó resultados equivalentes.

Decreased UV radiation is associated with augmented depression, drug use, and domestic violence. Findings entailing folic acid suggest that gender moderates such relationships. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between UV radiation and Neuroticism among females and males. Representative consumer panels of three Peruvian cities at decreasing levels of radiation exposure were compared. A 7-item Neuroticism scale was used. A hierarchical regression model revealed that Neuroticism increases with decreased exposure to UV radiation, but the expected radiation x gender interaction failed to materialize. The findings uphold the concept that Neuroticism is responsive to geophysical stimulation. Improvements of mental health can be expected with climate change. The study should be replicated with strengthened methodology.