Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are organisms that form mutualistic associations with most plants, favoring their development, especially those located in degraded areas. In order to identify the different predominant native AMF morphotypes, and determine the percentage of colonization, and spore density in soils of the Cumbaza sub-basin in San Martin, Peru, soil samples were taken from degraded areas of Chirikyacu, Vista Alegre, El Chontal, San Antonio de Cumbaza, Aucaloma and Shapumba, and they were associated with 4 legumes cover crops among them, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea and Vigna unguiculata. A completely random design was used, considering 6 zones and 4 legumes with 3 replications. The results showed that the treatments with legumes had greater influence in the mycorrhizal colonization in comparison with the zones of study, being Vigna unguiculata t...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are organisms that form mutualistic associations with most plants, favoring their development, especially those located in degraded areas. In order to identify the different predominant native AMF morphotypes, and determine the percentage of colonization, and spore density in soils of the Cumbaza sub-basin in San Martin, Peru, soil samples were taken from degraded areas of Chirikyacu, Vista Alegre, El Chontal, San Antonio de Cumbaza, Aucaloma and Shapumba, and they were associated with 4 legumes cover crops among them, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea and Vigna unguiculata. A completely random design was used, considering 6 zones and 4 legumes with 3 replications. The results showed that the treatments with legumes had greater influence in the mycorrhizal colonization in comparison with the zones of study, being Vigna unguiculata t...

La investigación tuvo como objetivo aislar el micelio secundario de Auricularia spp y Pleurotus spp procedente de tres áreas naturales de la región San Martín, así como evaluar el crecimiento en medio agar papa dextrosa y en sustratos estériles a base de residuos agroindustriales. Se obtuvieron 10 aislamientos de micelios secundarios a través de carpóforos desinfectados de Pleurotus spp y otros 10 aislamientos de carpóforos desinfectados de Auricularia spp. La mayor velocidad de crecimiento en Auricularia spp fue de 62,5 µm h-1 (A1) y de 75 µm h-1 (B10) para Pleurotus spp. En una segunda parte del experimento se produjo semilla de las cepas nativas más veloces en granos de maíz esterilizado durante un periodo de incubación de 40 días. La semilla fue inoculada en sustratos estériles a base de residuos agroindustriales. Las cepas A1 de Auricularia spp y B10 de Pleurotus spp...

Cultivation of edible mushrooms is an activity that could contribute to the household economy. However, a limiting factor is having the mycelium ("seed") of the fungus to be produced. The objective óf this work was to obtain the "seed" of two native edible fungus (Auricu/aria spp. and Pleurotus spp.). Fruiting bodies of these fungi were collected from 3 areas of conservation of the Province of San Martin and transferred to the laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultura! Sciences of the National University of San Martín, where were grown in petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar. The radial mycelial growth was statistically different in the different plates. Subsequently, pieces of 1 cm2 of culture medium were placed in bottles containing corn grains previously sterilized. The mycelium covered 100% of the grains of corn at 35 days for Auricularia spp. and 40 days for Pleur...

El arroz es el cereal más importante para más del 50% de la población mundial. Debido a que el cultivo de arroz es altamente dependiente de la fertilización química nitrogenada, requiere grandes cantidades para alcanzar el máximo potencial de rendimiento. Dentro de la estrategia de manejo integrado de nutrientes, el diseño y uso de inoculantes a base de consorcios bacterianos nativos es una acertada propuesta. Acorde a ello, el presente estudio, tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la inoculación individual y en combinación de tres cepas de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal seleccionadas en invernadero, Burkholderia ubonensis la3c3, Bacillus megaterium la1a4 y Citrobacter bitternis p9a3m, bajo diferentes dosis de fertilización nitrogenada (0, 25, 50, 75 y 100%). El ensayo se realizó en el distrito de Juan Guerra-San Martín, en un ensayo de Parcelas divididas. Lo...

Rice feeds more than 50% of the population worldwide, constituting a large energy input in low-income families. In Peru, the San Martin region was established as the first producer of rice with an area of 82 271 has produced 559 829 has with an average yield of 6.8 TN I ha. Year after year, the abuse of synthetic chemical fertilizers (N, P and K) is necessary to maintain high levels of grain yield, this causes alteration in the physical, chemical and biological soil quality. A sustainabte alternative is the use of beneficia! microorganisms with selected characteristics through his promotion of plant growth, this are called PGPRs (Plant Growth Promotore Rhizobacteria). The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize bacteria rice rhizosphere of Cacatachi and Picota zones in the region of San Martín, in addition to select and evaluate the main characteristics of plant growth. 60 stra...

El arroz es el cereal más importante para más del 50% de la población mundial, sin embargo las enfermedades pueden limitar su producción. El añublo bacterial de la panícula, es una de las enfermedades con mayor vigilancia en el cultivo de arroz, debido a los cambios climáticos que exacerban su incidencia. El agente etiológico de la enfermedad, se atribuye a Burkholderia glumae y Burkholderia gladioli. El presente estudio, tuvo como objetivo seleccionar controladores biológicos contra B. glumae THT, a partir de la microbiota endofítica del cultivo de arroz. Para ello, se realizaron colectas de 7 cultivares de arroz en los departamentos de Tumbes, Piura, Amazonas y San Martín. Las muestras de arroz fueron procesadas para aislamiento de grupos funcionales asociados a control biológico (Bacillus, Pseudomonas y Burkholderia). Las cepas de bacterias endofíticas fueron seleccionada...

This article presents a systematic review of the ecophysiological mechanisms underpinning the essential role of plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) in improving rice yield and quality. The scientific literature is thoroughly reviewed, highlighting how PGPMs positively influence the growth, development, and health of rice plants. Key aspects, such as nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization, hormone production, and disease resistance induction, are emphasized. Additionally, technological advancements related to PGPM use are analyzed, including the identification of effective strains, the formulation of enhanced biofertilizers, and genetic engineering. The article concludes that PGPMs represent a promising tool with which to boost the sustainability and productivity of rice cultivation, providing a robust foundation for future research and practical applications in a field cruc...

Rice feeds more than 50% of the population worldwide, representing a great energy contribution in low-income families. The exaggerated use of synthetic chemical fertilizers to maintain high levels of yield causes alterations in the physical, chemical and biological quality of the soils. A sustainable alternative is the use of beneficial microorganisms that promote plant growth in crops. The objective of the study was to isolate and evaluate the Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) traits of rhizospheric rice bacteria in soils of the San Martin region, evaluate the effect of promoting growth in rice under pot experiments conditions and finally evaluate the effect of selected strains on the yield under different doses of nitrogen fertilizer under field conditions. Initially, 27 strains were selected for their diazotrophic characteristics and characterized by PGP traits. Through a multivariate anal...

La investigación tuvo como objetivo aislar el micelio secundario de Auricularia spp y Pleurotus spp procedente de tres áreas naturales de la región San Martín, así como evaluar el crecimiento en medio agar papa dextrosa y en sustratos estériles a base de residuos agroindustriales. Se obtuvieron 10 aislamientos de micelios secundarios a través de carpóforos desinfectados de Pleurotus spp y otros 10 aislamientos de carpóforos desinfectados de Auricularia spp. La mayor velocidad de crecimiento en Auricularia spp fue de 62,5 µm h-1 (A1) y de 75 µm h-1 (B10) para Pleurotus spp. En una segunda parte del experimento se produjo semilla de las cepas nativas más veloces en granos de maíz esterilizado durante un periodo de incubación de 40 días. La semilla fue inoculada en sustratos estériles a base de residuos agroindustriales. Las cepas A1 de Auricularia spp y B10 de Pleurotus spp...

Tropical soils withstand heavy pressure due to deforestation as a result of the change in land use, decreasing their quality. Traditionally, the quality of soil has been based on physical and chemical indicators; however, the biological ones can predict variations in the quality, in an early and effective way. In this research, the microbiological quality of soils from two ecosystems was evaluated, one from the Cumbaza Sub-Basin (CSB) and the other from Degraded Pastures at Cuñumbuque (DPC), both in San Martín, Peru. The physicochemical characteristics were studied and the microbial populations of Total Bacteria (TB), Sporulated Bacteria (SB), Total Fungi (TF), Actinobacteria (ACT), and parameters of microbial activity such as Basal Respiration (BR), Microbial Biomass (MB), Metabolic Quotient (qCO2) and Microbial Quotient (qMIC). According to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the...

Tropical soils withstand heavy pressure due to deforestation as a result of the change in land use, decreasing their quality. Traditionally, the quality of soil has been based on physical and chemical indicators; however, the biological ones can predict variations in the quality, in an early and effective way. In this research, the microbiological quality of soils from two ecosystems was evaluated, one from the Cumbaza Sub-Basin (CSB) and the other from Degraded Pastures at Cuñumbuque (DPC), both in San Martín, Peru. The physicochemical characteristics were studied and the microbial populations of Total Bacteria (TB), Sporulated Bacteria (SB), Total Fungi (TF), Actinobacteria (ACT), and parameters of microbial activity such as Basal Respiration (BR), Microbial Biomass (MB), Metabolic Quotient (qCO2) and Microbial Quotient (qMIC). According to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue aislar y seleccionar bacterias endofíticas de arroz capaces de inhibir al fitopatógeno Burkholderia glumae THT, así como caracterizarlas por su genética y bioquímica. También se buscó caracterizar la diversidad genética y los factores de virulencia presentes en cepas de B. glumae y de Burkholderia gladioli, otro patógeno de arroz, aisladas de campo. Se colectaron plantas de arroz en 4 departamentos del norte de Perú, y tras la desinfección de tejidos se aislaron bacterias endofíticas por cultivo en agar soya tripticasa (30 °C; 48 h) y en medio selectivo (pH 4,5; 41 °C; 72 h). Se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana frente a B. glumae THT, la producción de sideróforos y la resistencia a la toxoflavina, toxina producida por este agente. La identificación molecular se realizó mediante BOX-PCR y secuenciación del gen 16S ARNr. Además, s...