OBJECTIVES: To study the changes after hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and to observe both, the vulnerability of the different regions of the brain to HI and the heat shock protein-72 kDa (HSP72) induction and its efects on the neuronal cell. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 7-days-old rats were exposed to left carotid artery ligation followed by 2 h of HI and then they were sacrificed at different time points. Brains extracted at 1-72 h were immunohistochemically study using the HSP-72 and the microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) stainings. Brains extracted at 1-4 weeks underwent histopathological study. RESULTS: Loss of MAP2 immunostaining was detected since the 1st hour post-insult, being highest at 24 h. MAP2 reappeared at 72 h in almost all the brain regions of the ligated hemisphere, except the hippocampal CA3 region. At 1-2 weeks post HI, we observed atrophic and cystic lesions. 15-20% of rats did...

Neonatology continues rapid progress in the last decades due to the increase in premature babies. Babies born before term have increased morbidity because of immaturity of most organs and systems. There is an inverse correlation between gestational age and morbidity. Management of extreme premature babies is a great challenge for neonatologists due to the high mortality. In this article we review the milestones in the management of premature babies, which began in the 70s, and include not only in equipment technologic advances, but also advance in knowledge on fetal and neonatal physiology and follow up programs of these patients. We also review the history of neonatology in Peru and advances in the treatment of premature babies resulting in lower neonatal mortality and improvement of the viability limits.

Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia hospitalaria del síndrome Down y describir las anomalías congénitas asociadas. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo casos-control de nacimientos registrados en la base de datos del Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas (ECLAMC), en el período: Noviembre-2012 a octubre-2013. Resultados: Se registraron 8571 nacidos vivos, en 44 de ellos, se confirmó el diagnóstico de Síndrome Down. La incidencia fue de 5,1 por 1000n.v. El 52.3% fue de sexo femenino. La trisomía 21 libre fue la forma de presentación en el 100% de los casos. La edad materna promedio fue de 36, 9 años, la paridad media fue de3 y el peso promedio del recién nacido fue de 2951,9grs, todas las variables mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al compararlo con el grupo control (p<0,05). La edad materna mayor de 35 años fue un factor...

Etiopathology in Perinatal Medicine. Reflections. How to eliminate medical errors in obstetrics. Preventability of adverse events in patients hospitalizadas.Plan prenatal care in multiple pregnancy. Nutrition: How to get a newborn quality. Forecast timely management of neonatal resuscitation. Detection and diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Prevensión of preeclampsia. Preventing preterm birth. The genome for predicting preterm delivery. Controversies in the management of preterm labor.