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The interest and appreciation of the differences in cultural values between sub groups within countries is becoming relevant for Latin America due to rising urbanization, social tension and the effects of foreign investments and industrialization. However, few studies have sought to differentiate sub cultural values within Latin American countries, with industry and business academia largely relying on studies that use national measures based on mean scores. This paper, through reviewing the extant cross cultural business literature and Peru’s social history, determines the factors necessary for high quality cross cultural research and the issues will be required to be addressed when selecting or developing a suitable research instrument for sub-cultural studies within a nation state. These issues include defining the sub cultures, instrument sensitivity within a national cultural emic...

This study focuses on the factors that lead individuals to create new ventures. It draws on the social psychology literature and applies the theory of planned behavior to understand and predict nascent entrepreneurship. To test the integrity of this theory in predicting entrepreneurial behavior, this study uses data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research program in Peru. The findings of the study provide partial support for the theory. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Professional learning communities (PLCs) are one of the most significant school performance strategies. Yet, most of the schools that have applied them belong to high-performance educational systems, such as those of Japan, South Korea, Finland or Singapore, leaving out the educational reality of Latin America. Through an exploratory study based on ethnographic observation and semi-structured interviews, this research links theory to practice to discuss the applicability of PLC to public schools in low-performance educational systems. In conclusion, it was found that the main components of PLCs (flexible organizational structures, distributed leadership, shared values, and collaborative school cultures) are present but precarious and do not support the implementation of the strategy.

Since the late 1980s, pedagogy has taken a paradigm shift. Once based on indi-vidualistic and hierarchical strategies, currently defends its reflective and colla-borative nature. Originated in business management, professional learning communities have shown a positive impact in educational management. Through an exhaustive literature review, this research synthesizes the theory of professional learning communities, analyzing their main components: flexible organizational structure, shared leadership, organizational values, shared vision and collaborative school culture. Finally, the research suggests that the development of organizational strategies focused on the school could complement the work carried out through educational policies.

Different from typical cases of corporate crime, organizational corruption refers to corrupt behavior whose main beneficiary is not the individual but the organization. Through a literature review, this article aims to understand organizational corruption from a scheme that recognizes its main mechanisms (socialization, normalization, and rationalization) and features (linked to elements such as structure, leadership, business ethics, organizational culture, and national culture). By way of contribution, this article proposes a theoretical framework that allows a qualitative understanding of the mechanisms and organizational features that make organizational corruption possible. Likewise, as a purpose, this article indicates that a qualitative understanding will allow the design of anti-corruption policies that recognize its inherent complexity.

Ideally, the purpose of a personnel selection process is to find the best candidate for a job through correspondence between their labor competencies and the culture of the organization (cultural fit). For this, many evaluators analyze the personality of the applicants using psychological techniques, competency-based interviews, among other tools. However, despite referring to it, this approach neglects an important element of the equation: culture. From an anthropological perspective, culture not only defines the nature of a nation or an organization, but also another main component for personnel selection: labor competencies. Considering the available evidence, this research presents three contributions that organizational anthropology can provide to personnel selection so that it is capable of capturing the culture to which it appeals: participant observation, ethnography and ethnogra...

Reach of the review: This essay conducts a review of the gender gap in STEM careers (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and analyzes its main studies. Period of the publications reviewed: The studies considered cover from 2005 to 2019. Origin and types of documents reviewed: Most of the literature consists of articles published in international indexed journals of sociology, psychology, gender and education. Author’s contribution on the publications analyzed: The authors propose a typification that organizes studies on the gender gap in STEM careers according to the three types of expla- nation they provide: a) psychological explanation: which emphasizes the individual’s instance and explains the gap in terms of self-concept, self-confidence and self-efficacy, beliefs and perceptions, and differences in interests and preferences: b) sociocultural explanation: which em...

The COVID-19 pandemic forced many organizations to resort to teleworking. This strategy had multiple positive and negative effects on areas such as job satisfaction, productivity and communication. One area affected was the most important element of any organization: its culture. To understand this issue, this article reviews studies published in the last four years that have analyzed the link between organizational culture and post-pandemic teleworking. A reciprocal impact has been identified: teleworking affects the culture of organizations, which in turn affects how organizations adapt to teleworking. By way of conclusion, the article highlights several findings, limitations and recommendations reported in the literature and stresses the importance of knowing the organization’s culture before adapting it to teleworking.

El emprendimiento continúa siendo uno de los principales motores de crecimiento de la economía. Frente a esta realidad, en los últimos años diversos actores (Estado, academia y sector privado) trabajan arduamente por fortalecer el ecosistema emprendedor. El Centro de Desarrollo Emprendedor de la Universidad ESAN, consciente de su rol de impulsar el emprendimiento y promover la innovación, viene participando en el proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) desde el año 2003. Desde entonces, ha impulsado la producción de conocimiento en materia de emprendimiento. A la fecha, se han publicado once reportes sobre la actividad emprendedora en el país, con los cuales se ha demostrado el enorme potencial emprendedor del Perú y los grandes desafíos que los emprendedores y los diversos actores del ecosistema enfrentan. En esa línea, el acceso a información confiable y comparable p...

El emprendimiento continúa siendo uno de los principales motores de crecimiento y generación de empleo de la economía del país. Dada la importancia de este fenómeno desde hace algunas décadas, el Estado, la academia y el sector privado vienen trabajando arduamente para promover su desarrollo. El Centro de Desarrollo Emprendedor de la Universidad ESAN forma parte de este grupo de actores que busca impulsar el emprendimiento y promover la innovación. Como parte de sus acciones para cumplir con estos objetivos, desde el año 2003 forma parte del proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), una de las iniciativas internacionales más representativas para medir la actividad emprendedora. A la fecha, se han publicado doce reportes sobre la actividad emprendedora en el país, con los cuales se ha demostrado el enorme potencial emprendedor del Perú y los grandes desafíos que los empr...

As south-south investments increase so do the issues experienced by investing companies. One of these is the impact of culture. This article analyzes the effects of the subsidiary country culture on an investing firm’s organizational culture and the managerial practices used to address them. Data is gathered from cultural databases, a company-wide survey and semi structured interviews. Descriptive statistics are used to reveal country and organizational culture differences, with content analysis to expose management responses. There is a clear difference between the firm’s Vietnamese and Peruvian workers, with the company’s practices more amenable to the Vietnamese employees. Recognition of this has resulted in a number of initiatives to reduce its impact. The study’s results offer suggestions that may be valued by other foreign companies interested in operating in Peru and may b...