The document provides so me theoretical insights around collective models of household decision making and resource allocation. These models, in contrast with unitary ones, consider the consumption decisions of the family to be a result of a bargaining process and interaction between household members. The predicted equilibrium conditions tend to differ from the traditional approach of utility maximization. The focus is centered on two specific issues: the emergence ofthe pooling income hypothesis (which characterizes unitary models) and the efficiency hypothesis (which characterizes, within the collective framework, cooperative solutions). Using these insights, the article establishes preliminary tests for the collective approach, as against the unitary one, using data for Peru, and then investigates whether efficiency is achieved in consumption allocation. The results presented provid...

La existencia de programas sociales obedece al objetivo del Estado de reducir el déficit de bienestar de las personas más pobres del país. Por ello, cumplen un papel fundamental como estrategia de alivio de la pobreza y redistribución del gasto. Su correcto funcionamiento es de primera importancia en un contexto de recursos limitados, donde grandes grupos poblacionales no acceden de manera adecuada al mercado y no son capaces de satisfacer sus necesidades básicas. Proponen reformas de corto plazo para potenciar la progresividad del gasto social. Todas ellas consistentes con objetivos de mediano plazo definidos a partir de sistemas integrales de ayuda. Los objetivos son: aumentar la cobertura en los programas donde la expansión de la intervención social por sí misma es progresiva. Además, afinar el proceso de incorporación de beneficiarios tanto en términos de subcobertura como...

The document provides so me theoretical insights around collective models of household decision making and resource allocation. These models, in contrast with unitary ones, consider the consumption decisions of the family to be a result of a bargaining process and interaction between household members. The predicted equilibrium conditions tend to differ from the traditional approach of utility maximization. The focus is centered on two specific issues: the emergence ofthe pooling income hypothesis (which characterizes unitary models) and the efficiency hypothesis (which characterizes, within the collective framework, cooperative solutions). Using these insights, the article establishes preliminary tests for the collective approach, as against the unitary one, using data for Peru, and then investigates whether efficiency is achieved in consumption allocation. The results presented provide...

The traditional approaches to measuring poverty use arbitrary assumptions and do not include the relative nature of this phenomenon. The main finding of subjective approaches in this field is that more people tend to consider themselves “poorer“ than what is suggested by objective measures. This paper argues that these limitations could be overcome by means of the introduction of subjective considerations in poverty measurement. Since measuring poverty through agents' reports is not totally reliable -because of the lack of appropriate mechanisms to reveal the correct information and the conditionality of these reports on psychological factors-, this paper uses an intermediate approach: contrasting poor people's poverty perception with socio-economic and demographic objective characteristics. This paper uses information from the HOPE (Hogares de Pobreza Extrema, Severely Poor Househol...

El presente trabajo constituye una revisión de la literatura sobre los efectos de la minería en indicadores socioeconómicos de las poblaciones ubicadas en los alrededores de los yacimientos mineros. Partiendo del marco conceptual desarrollado por Loayza y Rigolini (2016), se seleccionaron 21 documentos que hayan implementado metodologías de evaluación de impacto sobre variables como ingresos y gastos familiares, pobreza, distribución, cobertura de servicios a la vivienda y capital humano (educación y salud). Los hallazgos son de dos tipos. Por un lado, desde el punto de vista metodológico, las estrategias de identificación son del tipo cuasi-experimental explotando tres fuentes de exogeneidad: la distribución geográfica de las operaciones mineras en el territorio peruano; la variación de los precios internacionales; y las reglas de distribución del canon impuesta sobre las l...