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The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of two drugs of frequent use in veterinary practice against microorganisms isolated after treatment in 27 dogs with otitis externa. Various isolates were obtained from five dogs: two Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three Staphylococcus intermedius, and three yeasts of the genus Malassezia. The level of effectiveness of the antimicrobial drugs was determined by the method of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Gentamicin (3 mg/ml) and clotrimazole (10 mg/ml) solutions were prepared. Bacteria and yeast were brought to a concentration of 1x106 microorganism/ml. In ELISA plates, 150 μl of each bacteria or yeast and 150 μl of gentamicin or clotrimazole was added. Two repetitions and three replicates of each microorganism were considered in the study. As controls, drugs plus water and microorganisms plus water were used, and the volume ad...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of two drugs of frequent use in veterinary practice against microorganisms isolated after treatment in 27 dogs with otitis externa. Various isolates were obtained from five dogs: two Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three Staphylococcus intermedius, and three yeasts of the genus Malassezia. The level of effectiveness of the antimicrobial drugs was determined by the method of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Gentamicin (3 mg/ml) and clotrimazole (10 mg/ml) solutions were prepared. Bacteria and yeast were brought to a concentration of 1x106 microorganism/ml. In ELISA plates, 150 μl of each bacteria or yeast and 150 μl of gentamicin or clotrimazole was added. Two repetitions and three replicates of each microorganism were considered in the study. As controls, drugs plus water and microorganisms plus water were used, and the volume ad...

Through an extensive bibliographic review, this contribution underlines the urgency and challenges to quantify soil erosion rates (ERs) in developing countries. It subsequently elaborates on the combined application of GIS-based RUSLE, generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) principles and sediment delivery ratio functions (SDR) to quantify ERs at country scale for these countries, as they commonly have limited measurements to that purpose. The methodology, termed RUSLE-GGS (RUSLE-GIS-GLUE-SDR) herein, comprises the following sequence: (1) construction of ER samples using RUSLE-GIS based on freely available local/global geoenvironmental observations and field relations, (2) construction of area-specific sediment yield samples utilizing SDR transfer functions, and (3) assessment of the most behavioral samples by means of bias analysis and cross validation. Its application to ...

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlations) for characters associated with the uniformity of fibre diameter in fleece of young (tuis) alpacas of the Mallkini farm (Puno, Peru). Samples were taken from the thigh, mid-rib and shoulder of 1127 animals at the first shearing (573 males and 554 females) born in 2015 and 2016. The samples were analysed under the IWTO-12 standard of the Sirolan Laserscan equipment. The pedigree file had 10 481 alpacas giving a coefficient of inbreeding of 0.16%. The genetic parameters were estimated using ASReml and Pedigree Viewer software. The characters evaluated were the fibre diameter and its standard deviation, coefficient of variation and comfort factor. The genetic analysis was carried out using a multivariate animal model, which includes the additive genetic effect of the animal as a random e...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar los parámetros genéticos (heredabilidad y correlaciones genéticas) para caracteres asociados a la uniformidad del diámetro de fibra en el vellón de alpacas tuis del fundo Mallkini (Puno, Perú). Se utilizaron muestras de las zonas corporales de muslo, costillar medio y paleta de 1127 animales a la primera esquila (573 machos y 554 hembras) nacidos en 2015 y 2016. Las muestras fueron analizadas bajo la norma IWTO-12 del equipo Sirolan Laserscan. El archivo de pedigrí contaba con 10 481 alpacas dando un coeficiente de consanguinidad de 0.16%. Los parámetros genéticos se estimaron mediante los softwares ASReml y Pedigree Viewer. Los caracteres evaluados fueron el diámetro de fibra (DF) y su desviación estándar (DE), coeficiente de variación (CV) y factor de confort (FC). El análisis genético se realizó utilizando un modelo ani...

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for birth and weaning weight in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) reared in a farm in Cieneguilla, Lima, Peru. Univariate animal model that included sex of calf, parity, season of birth, animal and litter effect was used in the genetic analyses. In addition, the effect of number of newborns was included in the model for birth weight, and the number of born alive and age at weaning were included in the model for weaning weight. Variance components were estimated by Bayesian Gibbs sampling with a chain of100 000 rounds with the first 10 000 rounds discarded for burn-in by using MCMCglmm library of R software. Heritability estimates for birth weight was 0.155 ± 0.036 and for weaning weight was 0.246 ± 0.046. These values were similar to those estimated by using REML.

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for birth and weaning weight in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) reared in a farm in Cieneguilla, Lima, Peru. Univariate animal model that included sex of calf, parity, season of birth, animal and litter effect was used in the genetic analyses. In addition, the effect of number of newborns was included in the model for birth weight, and the number of born alive and age at weaning were included in the model for weaning weight. Variance components were estimated by Bayesian Gibbs sampling with a chain of100 000 rounds with the first 10 000 rounds discarded for burn-in by using MCMCglmm library of R software. Heritability estimates for birth weight was 0.155 ± 0.036 and for weaning weight was 0.246 ± 0.046. These values were similar to those estimated by using REML.

The purposes of this study were a) to evaluate the effect of random factors such as litter (L) and fixed effects such as season (S), calf sex (CS), and parity (P) on birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW); and b) to estimate the phenotypic correlation between BW and WW. The study was conducted in the Cieneguilla guinea pig farm of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. The data comprised 5460 and 3514 records for BW and WW respectively of improved guinea pigs. The data was collected from January 2009 to July 2010. Weaning was at 14 days of age. The feeding system was based on broccoli crop residues (Brassica oleracea italica) and concentrate. SAS MIXED procedure (v 9.1) was used to analyze the mixed models. Total born (TB) was used as covariate for BW and born alive (BA) and age of weaning (AW) were used as covariate for WW. BW was influenced (p<0.01) by TB, S, CS and P, and W...

The study was carried out at the Cieneguilla guinea pig farm of La Molina National Agrarian University, Lima. The objective of the study were to evaluate the association of fixed factors such as season (E), parity (NP), and covariates such as maternal weight at parity (PMP), total born (TN), number of live births (LB) and age at weaning (EDC) with total born (TN), number born alive (NV), number weaned (ND), litter weight at birth (PCN), and litter weight at weaning (PCD), and to estimate phenotypic correlations between the maternal traits. Data was collected from 1302 litters collected from January 2009 to July 2010. Analysis of variance and F tests were performed using the GLM procedure of SAS (v. 9.1). The statistical analysis for TN and NV adjusted for the covariate PMP differences were obtained for E and NP (p<0.01); for ND adjusted for the covariate PMP differences were obtained ...

Los objetivos del estudio fueron a) evaluar el efecto de factores al azar, como efecto de camada (C) y efectos fijos, como estación (E), sexo de la cría (SC), y número de parto de la madre (NP) sobre el peso al nacimiento (PNC) y peso al destete de las crías (PDC), y b) estimar la correlación fenotípica entre PNC y PDC. El estudio se desarrolló en la Granja de Cuyes de Cieneguilla de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Se analizaron 5460 datos de PNC y 3514 datos de PDC recolectados de cuyes mejorados entre enero de 2009 a julio de 2010. El destete se realizó a los 14 días de edad en promedio. La alimentación fue en base a residuos de cosecha de brócoli (Brassica oleracea italica) y alimentos balanceados elaborados en la granja. Se utilizó el procedimiento MIXED de SAS (v 9.1) para el análisis de modelos mixtos. El total de nacidos (TN) se utilizó como covariable par...

The study was carried out at the Cieneguilla guinea pig farm of La Molina National Agrarian University, Lima. The objective of the study were to evaluate the association of fixed factors such as season (E), parity (NP), and covariates such as maternal weight at parity (PMP), total born (TN), number of live births (LB) and age at weaning (EDC) with total born (TN), number born alive (NV), number weaned (ND), litter weight at birth (PCN), and litter weight at weaning (PCD), and to estimate phenotypic correlations between the maternal traits. Data was collected from 1302 litters collected from January 2009 to July 2010. Analysis of variance and F tests were performed using the GLM procedure of SAS (v. 9.1). The statistical analysis for TN and NV adjusted for the covariate PMP differences were obtained for E and NP (p<0.01); for ND adjusted for the covariate PMP differences were obtained ...

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ciencia Animal

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de tres sistemas de alimentación sobre la respuesta productiva y el perfil de ácidos grasos en la carcasa de cuyes. Se emplearon 18 cuyes machos de 21 días de edad distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos y alojados en jaulas galvanizadas. Los tratamientos fueron: T1, alfalfa verde; T2, alimentación mixta [alimento balanceado + alfalfa verde (10% del PV)]; y T3, alimentación integral (solo alimento balanceado). Se determinó la ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento y conversión alimenticia semanal. Los animales fueron sacrificados en el día 28 para evaluar el rendimiento de carcasa. Asimismo, se extrajo la grasa total para determinar el perfil de ácidos grasos mediante cromatografía de gases. Las variables de la respuesta productiva y el perfil de ácidos grasos de la carcasa de los animales experimentales fueron significa...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de tres sistemas de alimentación sobre la respuesta productiva y el perfil de ácidos grasos en la carcasa de cuyes. Se emplearon 18 cuyes machos de 21 días de edad distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos y alojados en jaulas galvanizadas. Los tratamientos fueron: T1, alfalfa verde; T2, alimentación mixta [alimento balanceado + alfalfa verde (10% del PV)]; y T3, alimentación integral (solo alimento balanceado). Se determinó la ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento y conversión alimenticia semanal. Los animales fueron sacrificados en el día 28 para evaluar el rendimiento de carcasa. Asimismo, se extrajo la grasa total para determinar el perfil de ácidos grasos mediante cromatografía de gases. Las variables de la respuesta productiva y el perfil de ácidos grasos de la carcasa de los animales experimentales fueron significa...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of sexuality in women over 39 years in a region of the Peruvian jungle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Survey of 25 questions on sexuality, with multiple, anonymous and voluntary 145 women> 40 years specific alternatives. RESULTS: One hundred twenty women adequately resolved the survey. 18.3% were menopausal; 45.8% two years ago did not enjoy sex with your partner, which correlated with age> 60. Those who still liked sex were married or cohabiting and generally <50 years. Factors associated with not enjoy sex, were lack of desire and dyspareunia. 38.3% wanted their sex life was like before. There was a close relationship between lack of desire and the negative answer to this question (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Women Lamas left to find sexual pleasure between 50 and 60 years. For the sexual life, the fact of menstruation was not associated with sexual pl...

This research was supported by the National Science and Technology Council (CONCYTEC) of Peru, Research Superior Council of San Marcos University (CSI-UNMSM), and Center of Biotechnology in Reproduction (CEBIOR) of La Frontera University. The authors thank Juan Olazábal and other professionals and students of IVITA-Maranganí for assistance during collection of alpaca semen samples.

The alpaca herds in Pasco region, Peru, have few known genetic links, so the breeding value of sires from different herds cannot be compared since environmental effects can mask the genetic differences among them. The aim of the study was to evaluate a sire referencing scheme for a dispersed genetic nucleus of Huacaya alpacas in Pasco. Data was collected to evaluate the organizational capacity of the breeders and characterize the population structure of six herds belonging to the nucleus in 2016. The size of the nucleus was calculated based on the need for annual replacement of sires. The genealogy was simulated for three scenarios of sire reference schemes (SRS) with 3, 6 and 9 males mating 10, 20 and 30% of dams in the nucleus per generation respectively. The contemporary groups (CG) were determined by herd-year for three generations. Finally, the degree of the genetic link was calcula...

This is a study of the recurrenceof urinary tract infections during August 1999 in the Service of Nefrology of the Instituto de Salud del Niño (ISN). In tries to determine the caracteristic related with recurrence such as associated factors, number of recurrences, etarian groups, causal agents and treatment chosen. There were reviewed the clinical records of 50 children from 1 to 13 years old assisted in external consultories od the mentioned service during the month of August 1999 who fulfill the inclusion criteries. Results confirm that females are more implicated than males in a ratio of 5 to 1, preodminantly in children from 1 to 6 years old, being the most important associated factor identified. Moreover, the most frequent etiological agent was the E. Coli, remarquing the importance of cultures to initiate an adequate therapy. Finally, the most used therapy in the ISN was the Nitro...

The alpaca herds in Pasco region, Peru, have few known genetic links, so the breeding value of sires from different herds cannot be compared since environmental effects can mask the genetic differences among them. The aim of the study was to evaluate a sire referencing scheme for a dispersed genetic nucleus of Huacaya alpacas in Pasco. Data was collected to evaluate the organizational capacity of the breeders and characterize the population structure of six herds belonging to the nucleus in 2016. The size of the nucleus was calculated based on the need for annual replacement of sires. The genealogy was simulated for three scenarios of sire reference schemes (SRS) with 3, 6 and 9 males mating 10, 20 and 30% of dams in the nucleus per generation respectively. The contemporary groups (CG) were determined by herd-year for three generations. Finally, the degree of the genetic link was calcula...