Objective: The aim of this study was to identify critical aspects of the Cold Chain in the immunization process in Peru. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted, analyzing data from the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) and the Ministry of Health (MINSA) for the years 2020-2021, as well as administrative records from the MINSA's Regional Health Strategies for immunizations in 2020. Technical aspects established in the Health Technical Standard for Cold Chain Management, such as obsolescence, allocation, functionality, and storage capacity were taken into account. Results: In the year 2020, at the national level, 61.8% of the cold chain equipment showed obsolescence, with some regions exceeding 75%, with Lima’s metropolitan region being the most affected at 88%. Concerning equipment allocation, 9% of the first-level health facilities lacked refrigeration equipment, with Loret...

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Neonatal maternal morbidity and mortality is a public health problem in Peru. The Ministry of Health (MINSA) has designed various interventions to address this problem, such as family planning, delivery care by a health professional, and refocused prenatal care; which are part of the Budgetary Program (PP) Maternal Neonatal Health that is executed in the health establishments of the country of the MINSA and the Regional Governments.  

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Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de los factores sociales y económicos en el acceso a servicios sanitarios de los beneficiarios de los Programas Sociales en Perú y estimar las tendencias de desigualdades entre los años 2015-2019. Métodos: es un estudio no experimental, con enfoque cuantitativo, toma como referencia la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO) entre los años 2015 y 2019. Las variables del estudio fueron el acceso a servicios sanitarios (ASeSa) de salud de las personas beneficiarias de programas sociales, la segunda variable fue los factores sociales de acuerdo a género, grupo de edad, área donde reside, raza y región natural. La tercera variable se consideró a factores económicos, tales como el empleo (PEA) y el quintil de bienestar. Las desigualdades se midieron con curvas de concentración (CC) e índice de concentración (IC). Resultados: se incluyó 17,693 (2015)...

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es estimar el Impacto presupuestal de medicamentos biológicos contra el cáncer mama, próstata y leucemia linfocítica Crónica (CM, CP y LLC) en el Sistema de Salud Público del Perú 2019 - 2023. Materiales y métodos: El número de personas con cáncer de mama, cáncer de próstata y leucemia linfocítica crónica se estimó de acuerdo a Globocan. El modelo fue desarrollado para estimar los costos directos para el año 2019 de regímenes utilizados para el tratamiento de pacientes con CM, CP y LLC previamente tratados; este modelo se desarrolló tomando en cuenta la técnica de costeo “top-down”, y la Guía de Práctica Clínica para el Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de CM, CP y LLC en el Perú. El análisis de costos se realizó desde la perspectiva de Sistema de Salud Público del Perú (MINSA), en un horizonte temporal de 1 año. Los cos...

Objective: To determine the prenatal risk factors associated with the failure to comply with the basic vaccination scheme in children under 5 years of age, based on the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) of 2018. Materials and Methods: It is an observational, retrospective, analytical and transversal study. We study the sample of the National Demographic and Health Survey (ENDES) for 2018 that includes 18 104 children between 1 and 5 years with health card seen in the interview, finding the results in the INEI surveys. The files containing the vaccination scheme questionnaires are selected and the data processed with SPSS version 25. The statistical processing is analytical and descriptive, bivariate and multivariate with the help of STATA v16 and Excel 2016. Results: There was a final sample of 18,104 children between 1 to 5 years old in 2018. The multivariate analysis found t...

Introduction: The rare and orphan diseases (ROD) constitute a current challenge due to the lack of investigation. Objective: Describe the socioeconomic characteristics of rare and orphan diseases (ROD) in Peru, 2019. Methods: Descriptive observational design. The information was obtained from FISSAL administrative records, and an intentional sample of 20 patients was taken to carry out the questionnaire on ROD. For the economic records, a review of the public budget of the MEF was made. The data analysis was descriptive and inferential. Results: There were 454 patients with a total of 49 ROD; of these, the most representative age groups were schoolchildren and young adults (18% each), and the most frequent diagnosis was Tetralogy of Fallot (22%). The questionnaire on ROD reports a median of 7 months in the delay of diagnosis and between 3 and 5 doctors ...

Objective: To determine the prenatal risk factors associated with the failure to comply with the basic vaccination scheme in children under 5 years of age, based on the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) of 2018. Materials and Methods: It is an observational, retrospective, analytical and transversal study. We study the sample of the National Demographic and Health Survey (ENDES) for 2018 that includes 18 104 children between 1 and 5 years with health card seen in the interview, finding the results in the INEI surveys. The files containing the vaccination scheme questionnaires are selected and the data processed with SPSS version 25. The statistical processing is analytical and descriptive, bivariate and multivariate with the help of STATA v16 and Excel 2016. Results: There was a final sample of 18,104 children between 1 to 5 years old in 2018. The multivariate analysis found t...

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un problema de salud pública en el Perú. El sistema de salud peruano invierte alrededor del 4% de su presupuesto total en financiar solo terapias de hemodiálisis. Objetivo: determinar la comparación de los costos directos entre las terapias de reemplazo renal (TRR). Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de análisis de costos. Se evaluaron los costos de los pacientes en las tres diferentes TRR: trasplante renal, hemodiálisis, diálisis peritoneal de la Red Asistencial Junín del Seguro Social EsSalud. Se analizaron los datos de 213 pacientes. Se calcularon los costos medios. Los datos fueron tomados de la Unidad de Adquisiciones y Costos de la Red Asistencial Junín (RAJ) EsSalud desde el año 2016 al año 2021. Resultados: el trasplante renal en el primer año acarrea un costo de 70 680 soles (US$ 18 123,07), el cual disminu...

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem in Peru. The Peruvian health system spends nearly 4% of its total budget just for paying only hemodialysis therapy. Objective: To determine a comparison of direct costs between kidney replacement therapy options. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive study for cost analysis. Costs for patients when using different modalities of kidney replacement therapy were assessed: renal transplant, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis in Junin Health Network from Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud). Data from 213 patients was analyzed. Mean costs were calculated. Data was taken from the Acquisition and Cost Unit of the Junin Health Network in EsSalud from 2016 to 2021. Results: Renal transplant in the first year costs 70 680 PEN (US$ 18,123.07), and the cost is reduced as years go by. Afterwards, from the second year on the...

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem in Peru. The Peruvian health system spends nearly 4% of its total budget just for paying only hemodialysis therapy. Objective: To determine a comparison of direct costs between kidney replacement therapy options. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive study for cost analysis. Costs for patients when using different modalities of kidney replacement therapy were assessed: renal transplant, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis in Junin Health Network from Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud). Data from 213 patients was analyzed. Mean costs were calculated. Data was taken from the Acquisition and Cost Unit of the Junin Health Network in EsSalud from 2016 to 2021. Results: Renal transplant in the first year costs 70 680 PEN (US$ 18,123.07), and the cost is reduced as years go by. Afterwards, from the second year on the...

RB redactó el primer borrador del artículo y realizó la revisión final. EM redactó la versión presentada al comité editorial, elaboró las figuras del artículo, levantó las observaciones del comité editorial y redactó la versión final del artículo. AG realizó contribuciones al texto inicial, desarrolló la primera versión del resumen y revisó la versión final. GM realizó contribuciones al texto inicial, levantó las observaciones del comité editorial, realizó contribuciones al texto final y revisó la versión final.

Objective: To estimate the funding and unit cost in the long-term training of health professionals in Peru. Methods: A partial economic evaluation (cost analysis) was carried out from the perspective of the public financier. For financing, reports are shown by budget categories and budget programs of the health sector. Data was obtained through the Integrated System of Financial Administration of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (SIAF-MEF) between the years 2016 - 2018. In relation to the analysis The cost was estimated using the absorption costing methodology. The data was obtained from the Integrated System of Administrative Management (SIGA) - logistic module to obtain the prices of the inputs, the Computer Application of Human Resources of Public Servants (AIRHSP) for salaries of human resources. Results: Financing made by the country in relation to training is estimated at 2...

Objective: To estimate the funding and unit cost in the long-term training of health professionals in Peru. Methods: A partial economic evaluation (cost analysis) was carried out from the perspective of the public financier. For financing, reports are shown by budget categories and budget programs of the health sector. Data was obtained through the Integrated System of Financial Administration of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (SIAF-MEF) between the years 2016 - 2018. In relation to the analysis The cost was estimated using the absorption costing methodology. The data was obtained from the Integrated System of Administrative Management (SIGA) - logistic module to obtain the prices of the inputs, the Computer Application of Human Resources of Public Servants (AIRHSP) for salaries of human resources. Results: Financing made by the country in relation to training is estimated at 2...

En el contexto actual, las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) desempeñan un papel crucial en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad, incluido el campo de la educación. Especialmente en las ciencias de la salud, el acceso y conocimiento de las TIC se han vuelto fundamentales para la formación y desarrollo de los futuros profesionales de la salud en Perú. Sin embargo, persisten disparidades en el acceso y la adquisición de habilidades digitales entre los estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud en el país. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal utilizando datos secundarios de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares sobre Condiciones de Vida y Pobreza (ENAHO) 2022, elaborada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI). Para el presente estudio, se consideró una submuestra de participantes de estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud consideran...

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of the methodological proposal to estimate the incidence and mortality due to cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors for Peru and Latin America. Methods: Pilot study, ecological from secondary sources. Modifiable risk factors, exposure prevalence, relative risks of these factors (RR) or an approximation by means of possibilities ratio (OR) were searched and selected. The information was recorded in a data collection form which was validated by expert judgment. For the calculation of the Population Attributable Fraction (FAP), the formula proposed by Parkin was tested and a statistical simulation model was developed with R. Studio V. 3.6.1 software. Results: In Peru there are prevalence studies for the majority of modifiable risk factors; Likewise, studies with OR estimates for several of the factors are available in Latin America; however, s...

Objetivo: Evaluar la factibilidad y validar de la propuesta metodológica para estimar la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer atribuible a factores de riesgo modificables para el Perú y Latinoamérica. Métodos: Estudio piloto, ecológico a partir de fuentes secundarias. Se buscó y seleccionó los factores de riesgo modificables, prevalencia de exposicion, los riesgos relativos de dichos factores (RR) o una aproximación mediante la razón de posibilidades (OR). La información fue consignada en una ficha de recolección de datos la cual fue validada mediante juicio de expertos. Para el cálculo de la Fracción Atribuible Poblacional (FAP) se ensayó la fórmula planteada por Parkin y se desarrolló un modelo de simulación estadística con el software R. Studio V. 3.6.1. Resultados: En el Perú se cuenta con estudios de prevalencia para la mayoría de factores de riesgo modificables; ...

A health technology (drug, vaccine, medical device, procedure) is submitted to a systematic evaluation procedure, called Health Technology Assessment (HTA). The HTA process involves analyzing the properties, benefits, risks and costs of a technology applied to health care, and issuing evidence-based information, linking research and its findings with decision-making in the field of health. Based on the recommendations obtained as a result of the HTA, decision-makers in the health sector choose to admit or reject the incorporation of new health technologies. In Peru, as in the rest of the world, the health technology assessment process has been implemented for approximately ten years, and there are institutions with experience in preparing reports with the results of the HTA. This article provides a general overview of HTA in the world, with special emphasis on their evolution and develop...

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