Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most frequent cancer of digestive tract tumors in Peru, with a high mortality rate of 17.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. A significant number of HCC cases in Peru do not follow the classic clinical epidemiology of the disease described in other parts of the world. Those patients present with a distinct transcriptome profile and a singular tumor process, suggesting a particular type of hepatocarcinogenesis in a portion of the Peruvian population. Aim: Our aim was to understand the clinical and biologic involvement of the epigenetic profile (methylation) and gene expression (transcriptome) of HCC in Peruvian patients. Methods: HCC and liver transcriptome and DNA methylation profiles were evaluated in 74 Peruvian patients. Results: When grouped by age, there was greater DNA methylation in younger patients with HCC but no differences with ...

Background: It has previously been demonstrated that a fraction of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) > 10 cm can benefit from liver resection. However, there is still a lack of effective decision-making tools to inform intervention in these patients. Methods: We analysed a comprehensive set of clinical data from 234 patients who underwent liver resection for HCC >10 cm at the National Cancer Institute of Peru between 1990 and 2015, monitored their survival, and constructed a nomogram to predict the surgical outcome based on preoperative variables. Results: We identified cirrhosis, multifocality, macroscopic vascular invasion, and spontaneous tumour rupture as independent predictors of survival and integrated them into a nomogram model. The nomogram's ability to forecast survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was subsequently confirmed with high concordance using an internal ...

En Perú, el carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) ocupa el tercer lugar en incidencia entre los tumores del sistema digestivo, y tiene una alta tasa de mortalidad, 17.7 por 100,000 habitantes. La mayoría de los casos reportados no presentan la epidemiología clínica clásica del CHC observado en otras partes del mundo. Además, se ha identificado que estos pacientes presentan un perfil transcriptómico distinto y un proceso tumoral singular, sugiriendo un proceso particular de hepatocarcinogénesis en una fracción de la población peruana. El presente estudio busca comprender la implicancia clínica y biológica del perfil epigenético (metilación) y de expresión de los genes (transcriptómico) del CHC en los pacientes peruanos. Se evaluó el perfil de transcriptómico y de metilación de ADN de hígado y CHC en 74 pacientes peruanos. El agrupamiento por edades mostró una mayor metilació...

Background: Liver resection is the mainstay treatment option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the non-cirrhotic liver (NCL-HCC), but almost half of these patients will experience a recurrence within five years of surgery. Therefore, we aimed to develop a rationale-based risk evaluation tool to assist surgeons in recurrence-related treatment planning for NCL-HCC. Methods: We analyzed single-center data from 263 patients who underwent liver resection for NCL-HCC. Using machine learning modeling, we first determined an optimal cut-off point to discriminate early versus late relapses based on time to recurrence. We then constructed a risk score based on preoperative variables to forecast outcomes according to recurrence-free survival. Results: We computed an optimal cut-off point for early recurrence at 12 months post-surgery. We identified macroscopic vascular invasion, multifo...

Following the approach of the phonological rules, a descriptive study was conducted of the phonetic/phonological development of pre-school students in Metropolitan Lima, who were selected by a stratified random sampling process. Data was collected with the Phonetic- Phonological Development Test composed of two areas: phonology awareness and phonology rules, evaluating consonantal and vocalic phonemes of the Spanish language. The results showed that there were significant differences in the use of phonology awareness of rhyme and alliteration according to the socio-economic level; however, the differences were not significant when considering sex and age variables. No significant differences were also found in the use of phonological rules according to sex, age and socioeconomic level.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MAP) y gonadotropina coriónica equina (eCG) sobre la tasa de fertilidad, natalidad y prolificidad en ovejas criollas en época no reproductiva (anestro: ausencia de celo aparente) en condiciones de crianza familiar en la región Puno ubicada a 3905 msnm. Se utilizaron 40 primerizas y 40 multíparas, a las cuales se colocaron esponjas intravaginales (60 mg de MAP) durante 14 días. Al retiro de las esponjas se administró 500 UI de eCG a la mitad de los animales y las otra 20 quedaron como control (sin eCG). Las ovejas fueron inseminadas vía cervical con semen fresco de carnero Corriedale a las 48 h del retiro de las esponjas. La tasa de fertilidad (preñez) fue de 85 y 57.5% para ovejas con y sn eCG, respectivamente (p<0.001). la tasa de prolificidad en ovejas con y sin eCG fue de 185.3 y 100%, respect...

Following the approach of the phonological rules, a descriptive study was conducted of the phonetic/phonological development of pre-school students in Metropolitan Lima, who were selected by a stratified random sampling process. Data was collected with the Phonetic- Phonological Development Test composed of two areas: phonology awareness and phonology rules, evaluating consonantal and vocalic phonemes of the Spanish language. The results showed that there were significant differences in the use of phonology awareness of rhyme and alliteration according to the socio-economic level; however, the differences were not significant when considering sex and age variables. No significant differences were also found in the use of phonological rules according to sex, age and socioeconomic level.