The objective of the investigation was to analyze of benthic macroinvertebrates biodiversity of Cunas river by means of environmental indicators. Three sampling sectors were defined two contrasting periods. The anthropic pressures evaluation was carried out by means of DBO5 determination contributed by waste water. Water samples were collected for nitrate, phosphate and fecal coliform determination. The measured indicators in situ were: dissolved oxygen, dissolved total solids, conductivity, temperature, pH and turbidity. The benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected using a Surber net with 250 µm wire netting opening. The anthropic pressure results on the benthic macroinvertebrates were: fish farming waste water DBO5 mean 7.70 mg/L, from livestock activity 869 mg/L and from urban activity 428.3 mg/L. The physicochemical and bacteriological indicator results showed significant di...

The change and intensification of land use has been generating impoverishment of soils with negative effects on biological communities. It was analyzed the bacterial composition of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) cultivation soils by Illumina sequencing in the Bombón plateau, during 2019. Three sampling sectors were defined, a control sector (natural soil) and two sectors with use pressure ("first use" and "second use" soils). Soil physicochemical indicators were determined through analytical methods and the composition of bacterial communities through Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The results of pH and EC, in control soils and with use pressure, varied from 7.51 to 4.53 and from 0.06 to 0.47 dS/m, respectively. The highest OM, N, P, K and Ca contents were recorded in control soils, decreasing significantly in soils with use pressure. Principal components analysis (PCA) p...

The heavy metal accumulation in the sediment and removal efficiency in stabilization ponds with Hydrocotyle ranunculoides filter were evaluated. Sediment and water were sampled in June, July and August 2018. The sediment sampling for each lagoon was conducted at three sites forming a composite sample. The water samples were collected in the tributary and effluent pipelines to determine the heavy metal concentration and removal efficiency by Hydrocotyle ranunculoides. The determination of heavy metals was performed with the method of atomic flame absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the sediment, in a descending order, was: Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The concentrations of these metals ranged from 998.0 to 1365.02, from 488.01 to 600.30, from 88.23 to 95.01, from 1.47 to 1.53 and from 0.01 to 0.13 mg/Kg, respectively. In the four stabilization ponds, the pol...

Heavy metal contamination in rivers is a serious environmental and public health concern, especially in areas affected by mining. This study evaluated the levels of contamination and the associated ecological and carcinogenic risks in the sediments of the Cunas River, located in the central highlands of Peru. Sediment samples were collected from upstream and downstream sections. Several metals and metalloids were analyzed, including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd). The ecological risk assessment focused on ten of these elements, while carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed for seven metals selected based on their toxicological importance. The results showed that Cd and Pb concentrations were higher in the downstream section. Cd and As excee...

The objective of the investigation was to analyze of benthic macroinvertebrates biodiversity of Cunas river by means of environmental indicators. Three sampling sectors were defined two contrasting periods. The anthropic pressures evaluation was carried out by means of DBO5 determination contributed by waste water. Water samples were collected for nitrate, phosphate and fecal coliform determination. The measured indicators in situ were: dissolved oxygen, dissolved total solids, conductivity, temperature, pH and turbidity. The benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected using a Surber net with 250 µm wire netting opening. The anthropic pressure results on the benthic macroinvertebrates were: fish farming waste water DBO5 mean 7.70 mg/L, from livestock activity 869 mg/L and from urban activity 428.3 mg/L. The physicochemical and bacteriological indicator results showed significant di...

The change and intensification of land use has been generating impoverishment of soils with negative effects on biological communities. It was analyzed the bacterial composition of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) cultivation soils by Illumina sequencing in the Bombón plateau, during 2019. Three sampling sectors were defined, a control sector (natural soil) and two sectors with use pressure ("first use" and "second use" soils). Soil physicochemical indicators were determined through analytical methods and the composition of bacterial communities through Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The results of pH and EC, in control soils and with use pressure, varied from 7.51 to 4.53 and from 0.06 to 0.47 dS/m, respectively. The highest OM, N, P, K and Ca contents were recorded in control soils, decreasing significantly in soils with use pressure. Principal components analysis (PCA) p...

El cambio e intensificación de uso del suelo ha dado lugar al empobrecimiento de los suelos con efectos negativos en las comunidades biológicas. Se analizó la composición bacteriana de suelos de cultivo de maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) mediante secuenciación Illumina en la meseta de Bombón, durante el año 2019. Se definieron tres sectores de muestreo, un sector control (suelo natural) y dos sectores con presión de uso (suelos “primer uso” y “segundo uso”, respecto al cultivo de maca). Se determinaron los indicadores fisicoquímicos del suelo mediante métodos analíticos y la composición de las comunidades bacterianas mediante secuenciación Illumina de los amplicones del gen de ARNr 16S. Los resultados de pH y CE, en suelos control y con presión de uso, variaron de 7,51 a 4,53 y de 0,06 a 0,47 dS/m, respectivamente. Los contenidos más altos MO, N, P, K y Ca se registra...

In this study, the quality of sediment and surface water in two natural wetlands, Paca and Tragadero, in the central region of Peru was evaluated using pollution indices, including the geoaccumulation index, pollutant load index, modified pollution degree, potential ecological risk index, and site rank index, for four heavy metals. Principal component analysis was used to identify potential metal contaminant sources. The determination of Fe, Zn, Pb, and As was performed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average concentrations of metals in the sediments of both lagoons decreased in the order Fe > Zn > Pb > As. The analysis of the contamination indices determined that As and Pb are the elements that contribute the most to environmental degradation in both wetlands. There is a strong correlation between the values of potential ecological risk and the modified degree of conta...

El propósito del presente estudio fue: proponer un programa de capacitación para los servidores administrativos del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo, a fin de mejorar los procedimientos de elaboración, registro y seguimientos de los documentos internos de las diferentes dependencias. El programa contiene los lineamientos fundamentales y necesarios sobre elaboración, registro y seguimiento de documentos administrativos internos que se utilizan en el HNAAA. La población estuvo integrada por 86 servidores administrativos que forman la muestra general de trabajo. El trabajo realizado es una investigación descriptiva propositiva (Ex post facto), basada en la recopilación, clasificación, registro y procesamiento de la información relacionada con el programa de capacitación y la posible influencia que esta pudiese tener en la eficiencia y eficacia de un buen servicio en cada...

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue proponer un plan de estrategias lúdicas que permita mejorar las competencias matemáticas en estudiantes del segundo grado de una Institución Educativa del distrito de Chiclayo, 2023. El estudio fue de tipo no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo y diseño descriptivo-propositivo, con una población de 209 estudiantes de primaria de una institución educativa de Chiclayo, siendo la muestra 136 estudiantes. La técnica que se empleó fue la encuesta, la misma que fue ejecutada a través de una prueba de desempeños donde se usó la estadística descriptiva y el programa SPSS y cuyos resultados arrojaron que el 51,5% de estudiantes se encontró en un nivel de inicio con respecto al nivel de competencias matemáticas, un 22,1% en proceso, un 23,5% en logrado y solo el 2,9% en destacado. Para contribuir a la solucionar la necesidad y problemátic...

La ética profesional es importante ya que es un conjunto de normas y comportamientos que se deben de respetar cuando un profesional se desempeña laborando para una organización. Los contadores públicos tienen la responsabilidad de actuar con dignidad, integridad, respetar sus principios y la capacidad profesional, además apegarse a los más altos estándares éticos en todas sus actuaciones en el desarrollo de sus actividades, ya sean independientes o dependientes para la realización de la Información Financiera. Hoy en día en las diversas entidades tanto públicas como privadas se viene evidenciado diversos actos de corrupción por parte de los funcionarios, ya que tienen una responsabilidad muy grande al llevar la Información Financiera de las organizaciones para la toma de decisiones. Por lo tanto, los contadores deben cumplir una conducta establecidas en el código de ética...

El presente trabajo académico titulado: programa de juegos “al aire libre” para desarrollar la ubicación espacial en los niños de 5 años” de la I.E.I 210 del distrito de Imaza, Provincia de Bagua, Región Amazonas”, ha permitido que los niños y niñas de la referida Institución Educativa logren desarrollar la ubicación espacial aplicando un programa de juegos. El objetivo general Desarrollar un programa de juegos “Al aire libre”, para mejorar la ubicación espacial en los niños de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Inicial N° 210 Distrito de Imaza, Provincia Bagua, Región Amazonas. Se aplicó la metodología de la psicomotricidad asamblea, expresión motriz, relajación, expresión gráfico y cierre, después de aplicar el programa de actividades lúdicas, los resultados de la evaluación en el aspecto de equilibrio dinámico; En lo que respecta a logro (A), los p...

There is a need to define mine tailings in a clear, precise, multidisciplinary, transdisciplinary, and holistic manner, considering not only geotechnical and hydraulic concepts but also integrating environmental and geochemical aspects with implications for the sustainability of mining. This article corresponds to an independent study that answers questions concerning the definition of mine tailings and the socio-environmental risks linked with mine tailings chemical composition by examining the practical experience of industrial-scale copper and gold mining projects in Chile and Peru. Definitions of concepts and analysis of key aspects in the responsible management of mine tailings, such as characterization of metallic–metalloid components, non-metallic components, metallurgical reagents, and risk identification, among others, are presented. Implications of potential environmental imp...

El estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la diversidad florística de los pastizales de montaña en cinco formaciones vegetales: tres pajonales y un césped de puna. Se utilizó el método de transección al paso modificado de Parker (1951). Se encontraron 22 familias, 52 géneros y 103 especies. Las Poaceae y la Asteraceae tuvieron mayor abundancia, las especies se ordenan en dos grupos. Los índices H’ oscilan entre medio y alto (2,75 y 3,41) sin relación significativa con la cobertura del suelo. El género Calamagrostis tiene el mayor IVI: C. vicunarum (15,64), C. amoena (13,29), C. curvula (12,87). Los índices de Jaccard mostraron mayor similaridad entre las formaciones vegetales de pajonal de Festuca rígida y el de C. amoena (0,43), seguido por el pajonal de F. rígida y el de F. dolichophylla (0,42) y la relación entre el pajonal de F. rígida y del de Césped de puna tienen la...

El estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la diversidad florística de los pastizales de montaña en cinco formaciones vegetales: tres pajonales y un césped de puna. Se utilizó el método de transección al paso modificado de Parker (1951). Se encontraron 22 familias, 52 géneros y 103 especies. Las Poaceae y la Asteraceae tuvieron mayor abundancia, las especies se ordenan en dos grupos. Los índices H’ oscilan entre medio y alto (2,75 y 3,41) sin relación significativa con la cobertura del suelo. El género Calamagrostis tiene el mayor IVI: C. vicunarum (15,64), C. amoena (13,29), C. curvula (12,87). Los índices de Jaccard mostraron mayor similaridad entre las formaciones vegetales de pajonal de Festuca rígida y el de C. amoena (0,43), seguido por el pajonal de F. rígida y el de F. dolichophylla (0,42) y la relación entre el pajonal de F. rígida y del de Césped de puna tienen la...

The objective of the study was to optimize the operation of the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Sicaya district with Hydrocotyle ranunculoides. The relative growth rate of the macrophyte was determined and so the relationship between the population growth area and the final weight according to the number of days elapsed. Medium fences were implemented and the tributary and effluent of the WWTP were characterized physicochemically and microbiologically. The results of the characterization corresponding to the tributary were: 616 mg of TSS/L, 109.2 mg of BOD5/L, 305.4 mg of COD/L, 30.3 mg of oils and fats/L and 3 500 000 NMP of thermotolerant coliforms/100 ml. Owing to the implementation of two medium grids large suspended solids were retained. The highest efficiency of COD removal with respect to the growth area of H. ranunculoides (2 226.96 m2) was 81.53%. While the effici...

The contamination of food by heavy metals in areas irrigated with contaminated water is of great concern due to the potential risk to human health. To assess the potential risk of Pb to children's health from consumption of cow's milk in an area of the Mantaro Valley during 2018. Fifty-one children exposed to Pb and eight samples of raw cow's milk were selected. Pb concentrations were analyzed with the atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean Pb content in milk was 0.236 ± 0.057 mg.kg-1, which exceeded the limits allowed by the Codex Alimentarius. The estimated daily intake of lead was 5.9 x 10-3 mg.kg-1day-1; the estimated risk index (HQ) was below one, which represents a low risk for children. The cancer risk was below 1.0 x 10-4. It is therefore concluded that there is no significant risk to children's health from consumption of cow's milk.

The contamination of food by heavy metals in areas irrigated with contaminated water is of great concern due to the potential risk to human health. To assess the potential risk of Pb to children's health from consumption of cow's milk in an area of the Mantaro Valley during 2018. Fifty-one children exposed to Pb and eight samples of raw cow's milk were selected. Pb concentrations were analyzed with the atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean Pb content in milk was 0.236 ± 0.057 mg.kg-1, which exceeded the limits allowed by the Codex Alimentarius. The estimated daily intake of lead was 5.9 x 10-3 mg.kg-1day-1; the estimated risk index (HQ) was below one, which represents a low risk for children. The cancer risk was below 1.0 x 10-4. It is therefore concluded that there is no significant risk to children's health from consumption of cow's milk.