This paper presents the design, implementation and first results of a Photovoltaic Research Laboratory developed at the facilities of the Materials Science and Renewable Energy Group (MatER-PUCP) of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru in collaboration with the IDEA Research Group (Research and Development in Solar Energy) of the University of Jaen (UJA), Spain. This laboratory is one of the first in the country with the appropriate equipment for calibration and certification of different commercial and emerging technologies of photovoltaic modules in the Peruvian market. The results that are expected to be obtained through an extensive experimental campaign, which began in May 2019, may be offered to companies or other public institutions, such as detailed studies of the behavior and degradation of the different technologies of photovoltaic modules depending on the particular clim...

La resistividad eléctrica es una propiedad física intrínseca e independiente del tamaño o forma de un material, que nos da información acerca de cómo se comporta el material al paso de la corriente eléctrica. Por el valor de la resistividad de un material, se le puede clasificar como conductor, semiconductor o aislante.[1] En la presente tesis se realiza el estudio de la resistividad eléctrica en los semiconductores, los métodos de medición de resistividad, los factores de corrección que se deben tener en cuenta para una medición m´as precisa y los detalles de la implementación de un sistema de medición de resistividad por el método de Van der Pauw. El método de Van der Pauw se puede utilizar para medir la resistividad de materiales en forma de películas delgadas sin importar la forma del material, consiste en hacer fluir una corriente constante por dos puntos en la per...

This Doctoral Thesis contributed to forming a new photovoltaic (PV) laboratory in Lima-Peru, by developing an outdoor characterization system for PV modules. This system enables performance studies of different PV technologies under outdoor conditions. The new laboratory is the first of its kind in Peru due to its appropriate instrumentation for various PV performance research. This system was installed in the outdoor-PV laboratory of the Physics section (12◦2′S, 77◦1′W) at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP) in collaboration with the IDEA research group of the University of Jaén (UJA) in Spain. Seven PV modules of different technologies, and instruments are currently installed to measure environmental conditions. This system measures the current-voltage (I-V) curve of each PV module at five-minute intervals and simultaneously measures module temperature and irradi...

This paper presents the design, implementation and first results of a Photovoltaic Research Laboratory developed at the facilities of the Materials Science and Renewable Energy Group (MatER-PUCP) of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru in collaboration with the IDEA Research Group (Research and Development in Solar Energy) of the University of Jaen (UJA), Spain. This laboratory is one of the first in the country with the appropriate equipment for calibration and certification of different commercial and emerging technologies of photovoltaic modules in the Peruvian market. The results that are expected to be obtained through an extensive experimental campaign, which began in May 2019, may be offered to companies or other public institutions, such as detailed studies of the behavior and degradation of the different technologies of photovoltaic modules depending on the particular clim...

La resistividad eléctrica es una propiedad física intrínseca e independiente del tamaño o forma de un material, que nos da información acerca de cómo se comporta el material al paso de la corriente eléctrica. Por el valor de la resistividad de un material, se le puede clasificar como conductor, semiconductor o aislante.[1] En la presente tesis se realiza el estudio de la resistividad eléctrica en los semiconductores, los métodos de medición de resistividad, los factores de corrección que se deben tener en cuenta para una medición m´as precisa y los detalles de la implementación de un sistema de medición de resistividad por el método de Van der Pauw. El método de Van der Pauw se puede utilizar para medir la resistividad de materiales en forma de películas delgadas sin importar la forma del material, consiste en hacer fluir una corriente constante por dos puntos en la per...

This Doctoral Thesis contributed to forming a new photovoltaic (PV) laboratory in Lima-Peru, by developing an outdoor characterization system for PV modules. This system enables performance studies of different PV technologies under outdoor conditions. The new laboratory is the first of its kind in Peru due to its appropriate instrumentation for various PV performance research. This system was installed in the outdoor-PV laboratory of the Physics section (12◦2′S, 77◦1′W) at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP) in collaboration with the IDEA research group of the University of Jaén (UJA) in Spain. Seven PV modules of different technologies, and instruments are currently installed to measure environmental conditions. This system measures the current-voltage (I-V) curve of each PV module at five-minute intervals and simultaneously measures module temperature and irradi...

La resistividad eléctrica es una propiedad física intrínseca e independiente del tamaño o forma de un material, que nos da información acerca de cómo se comporta el material al paso de la corriente eléctrica. Por el valor de la resistividad de un material, se le puede clasificar como conductor, semiconductor o aislante.[1] En la presente tesis se realiza el estudio de la resistividad eléctrica en los semiconductores, los métodos de medición de resistividad, los factores de corrección que se deben tener en cuenta para una medición m´as precisa y los detalles de la implementación de un sistema de medición de resistividad por el método de Van der Pauw. El método de Van der Pauw se puede utilizar para medir la resistividad de materiales en forma de películas delgadas sin importar la forma del material, consiste en hacer fluir una corriente constante por dos puntos en la per...

In order to find a module’s real efficiency and predict its power and energy production it is necessary to study its behaviour and characterize it in the conditions in which it is installed. The single diode model for photovoltaic (PV) cells relates a cell’s current to its voltage through five electric parameters which give us fundamental information about a module and the physical processes inside its cells. Currently, there are many analytical, numerical and heuristic methods used to extract the model’s parameters, each one with advantages and disadvantages that depend on the technology of the module and climate conditions. Current analytical methods used to extract parameters from silicon modules were applied to thin film PV modules in order to study their validity. This work presents the results of the parameter extraction by comparing the measured current-voltage (IV) curve wi...

In order to find a module’s real efficiency and predict its power and energy production it is necessary to study its behaviour and characterize it in the conditions in which it is installed. The single diode model for photovoltaic (PV) cells relates a cell’s current to its voltage through five electric parameters which give us fundamental information about a module and the physical processes inside its cells. Currently, there are many analytical, numerical and heuristic methods used to extract the model’s parameters, each one with advantages and disadvantages that depend on the technology of the module and climate conditions. Current analytical methods used to extract parameters from silicon modules were applied to thin film PV modules in order to study their validity. This work presents the results of the parameter extraction by comparing the measured current-voltage (IV) curve wi...

The nominal power of a photovoltaic system is a useful parameter in the determination of the current state of a photovoltaic generator. In the present work, the procedure proposed by Martínez-Moreno was followed, which is based on the Osterwald model. During the application of the procedure, a hysteresis effect was observed to a different extent throughout the experimental campaign. The corrected power versus irradiance values differed during the day, even when the irradiance and temperature of the module were similar. This led to an uncertainty in the inclusion of all the data. Therefore, the addition of a filter of the data is sought in the procedure of the estimation of the nominal power, as a complement to that proposed by Martinez-Moreno in an attempt to clarify the calculation in generators that presents this non-linear behavior.

The nominal power of a photovoltaic system is a useful parameter in the determination of the current state of a photovoltaic generator. In the present work, the procedure proposed by Martínez-Moreno was followed, which is based on the Osterwald model. During the application of the procedure, a hysteresis effect was observed to a different extent throughout the experimental campaign. The corrected power versus irradiance values differed during the day, even when the irradiance and temperature of the module were similar. This led to an uncertainty in the inclusion of all the data. Therefore, the addition of a filter of the data is sought in the procedure of the estimation of the nominal power, as a complement to that proposed by Martinez-Moreno in an attempt to clarify the calculation in generators that presents this non-linear behavior.

The amount of dust deposited on the surface of a panel depends on the environmental parameters. These are random (eg. humidity, wind speed and ambient temperature) which makes it difficult to model them theoretically. This paper describes the effect of dust by calculating the derating factor (η_polvo) and modeling its dependence over time. To achieve this, an experimental campaign was carried out in three tandem (a-Si / µc-Si) of 1.15 kW controlled in the city of Lima, divided into two periods of time. In the first period, from 07.15.2016 to 04.07.2017, the three strings were cleaned twice per week. The nominal power was calculated for days with clear skies conditions. It was found that between each string there are slight differences or mismatches in the nominal power, which is considered to estimate a correction factor (k) in order to readjust the output power. In the second stage fr...

The amount of dust deposited on the surface of a panel depends on the environmental parameters. These are random (eg. humidity, wind speed and ambient temperature) which makes it difficult to model them theoretically. This paper describes the effect of dust by calculating the derating factor (η_polvo) and modeling its dependence over time. To achieve this, an experimental campaign was carried out in three tandem (a-Si / µc-Si) of 1.15 kW controlled in the city of Lima, divided into two periods of time. In the first period, from 07.15.2016 to 04.07.2017, the three strings were cleaned twice per week. The nominal power was calculated for days with clear skies conditions. It was found that between each string there are slight differences or mismatches in the nominal power, which is considered to estimate a correction factor (k) in order to readjust the output power. In the second stage fr...