In this article, the author questions the reading test standardization like the case of theInternational Programme Student Assessment. With this purpose, its analized about reading assessment model PISA, it is reflexed about of literacy and it is discussed through neutrality of the linguistic code.

This paper uses three different approaches (Generative phonology, Nonlinear phonology and Optimality Theory) in order to describe and explain a phonological process of assimilation called labialization in Nomatsiguenga, that only happens when a labial consonant appears before the central vowel [i]. Standard generative phonology characterized assimilation in terms of features copying. In Nonlinear approach, in contrast, assimilation is characterized as the association of features of segment A to a neighboring segment B. Finally, in Optimality Theory, assimilation is characterized as Markedness constraint called AGREE(x).