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Explica la historia del desarrollo de la protección social de los trabajadores agrícolas en Inglaterra. Informa que, aun cuando se considera usualmente a Inglaterra como un país esencialmente industrial, debe recordarse que la agricultura permanecía como una de las más grandes ocupaciones individuales, y las necesidades de dos grandes guerras sirvieron para acentuar la vital importancia de la comunidad agrícola, hacia un conveniente funcionamiento de la economía nacional. Sin embargo, a pesar de su importancia, los agricultores habían gozado de menor protección legal que los trabajadores industriales, de muelles y de otros centros. La historia de la legislación de protección de los obreros, se remonta con anterioridad a la Ley de Salud y Moral de Aprendices, de 1802; y desde entonces, una complicada legislación atestigua la labor de los departamentos gubernativos y del Parlam...
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artículo
Publicado 2025
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In recent years, the use of chatbots in higher education has grown significantly, driven by advances in artificial intelligence and its ability to optimize teaching and learning processes. This paper presents a systematic literature review aimed at identifying the main trends, approaches, and findings related to the use of chatbots in higher education. An exhaustive search was conducted across five highly reputable academic databases (Scopus, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online, and ARDI), yielding an initial total of 42,188 documents. After applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 69 scientific papers were selected for detailed analysis. The findings reveal that the most widely used programming language in the development of educational chatbots is R (45.2%), followed by Python and Java (22.5% each). In addition, 66.6% of the analyzed papers were published in Q1 j...
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objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2025
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Peru, exposed to recurrent earthquakes, faces challenges in the structural safety of its buildings due to the aftershocks that follow the main seismic events. In this article, the effect of earthquake sequences on a typical reinforced concrete porticoed building of educational infrastructure in Peru was studied with the objective of estimating the variation in the expected probability of damage. The methodology followed has consisted of the estimation of fragility curves by means of incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) under a series of seven single earthquakes and the effect of seven subsequent earthquakes. To simulate the behavior under the sequence of earthquakes, four incremental initial damage conditions have been established: fully operational (ND), immediate occupancy (IO), life safety (LS) and prevention of collapse (CP); based on the safety limit states of the building estimated b...
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artículo
Publicado 2024
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The prevalence of mental health issues among young people, including anxiety, depression, and stress, has risen significantly. This study examines the effectiveness of socioformative strategies in enhancing emotional intelligence and reducing mental health issues in university students. A quantitative, pre-experimental study involved 187 students from one university in Peru with diagnosed mental health issues, utilising the Emotional Intelligence Socio-Formation Scale (EOSF), Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS). Wilcoxon test analysis revealed significant improvements in emotional intelligence (p = 0.03), depression (p = 0.02), anxiety (p = 0.00), and stress (p = 0.01). These findings show a substantial reduction in mental health symptoms and a 79.68% improvement in emotional intelligence, supporting broader implementation in Peruvian universit...
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artículo
Publicado 1992
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En el presente trabajo se reportan resultados de los análisis químicos realizados en 26 especies de peces de consumo humano, de los cuales 19 son de mayor demanda en la ciudad de Iquitos. Se han estudiado cuatro metales pesados bioacumulables como Mercurio, Cadmio, Plomo y Cobre.Se han muestreado especies de tres ríos diferentes; Nanay, Ucayali y Amazonas. Las concentraciones en su mayoría son menores que los límites establecidos intemacionalmente para pescado y productos pesqueros a excepción del “Dorado” (Brachyplatistoma fiavicans).
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artículo
Publicado 1992
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En el presente trabajo se reportan resultados de los análisis químicos realizados en 26 especies de peces de consumo humano, de los cuales 19 son de mayor demanda en la ciudad de Iquitos. Se han estudiado cuatro metales pesados bioacumulables como Mercurio, Cadmio, Plomo y Cobre.Se han muestreado especies de tres ríos diferentes; Nanay, Ucayali y Amazonas. Las concentraciones en su mayoría son menores que los límites establecidos intemacionalmente para pescado y productos pesqueros a excepción del “Dorado” (Brachyplatistoma fiavicans).
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artículo
Publicado 1967
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Knowledge of the Geographical Pathology in Spain and Latin America, is of great importance for their projections on the adequacy of resources and better plans for the treatment of disease. The study of them is in a better position than before, to have new technical methods to try to solve problems etiologic and pathogenetic position. The Liver Cirrhosis, as a research topic is always topical and worth, in a baseline survey, make a concerted effort sacrificing individual views to homogenize results. It is for this reason that our work is, in general, the criterion Gall (8) in the classification of Liver Cirrhosis.
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artículo
Publicado 2017
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El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el grado de dependencia de internet y sus herramientas mediáticas por los adolescentes. Metodológicamente, se aplicó un teste a 286 usuarios, divididos en dos grupos muestrales de 143 adolescentes. Como método estadístico, se realizó un análisis descriptivo basado en la caracterización analítica y gráfica de la información obtenida. Los resultados mostraron que, el 19,58% fueron clasificados como “sin vicio”, 60,5% de los usuarios estaban en un nivel de “vicio leve”, 18,9% en un “grado moderado” y un 1,1% en un “grado severo”; evidenciando que la mayoría de adolescentes encuestados tenían control sobre el uso de internet y redes digitales.
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artículo
Publicado 2020
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Dysprosium (Dy3+)-doped tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully synthesized using the chemical polymer precursor method. This material blends the holding matrix’s electronic properties with dysprosium’s optical and magnetic properties, making it a promising material for technological applications. X-ray diffraction patterns and the Raman spectra of all NPs indicated the formation of only the SnO2 phase. The decrease in particle size (from ~ 11 to ~ 6 nm) and increase in lattice parameters depending on the Dy content were determined. The latter proves the solid solution between Sn and Dy ions, which is in agreement with the ionic radii mismatch between them. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms the particle size and size reduction observed through XRD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results suggest a change of the oxidation state from Sn4+ to Sn2...
11
objeto de conferencia
Publicado 2018
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The nature of the software requirements is subjective and varied. For this reason the level of complexity increases according to the volume, especially when the requirements are made in a natural language. Therefore obtain quality software requirements that are understandable and unambiguous in the Spanish language becomes a necessity.
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artículo
Publicado 2021
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Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles coated with organic material are of considerable importance in various areas of engineering, as well as in biomedicine. Several papers show drastic changes in the magnetic properties related to the surface effects and the particle-particle interactions strength. However, there is no consensus about the origin or mechanisms that produce these changes, which could be different depending on the particle size and shape, coating efficiency and particle-particle interaction strength. Aiming to shed light on these issues, oleic acid (OA) coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with different sizes were synthesized by a thermal decomposition method. Structural and microscopic results revealed Fe3O4 nanoparticles with good crystallinity and almost-spherical or polyhedral shapes depending on the solvent used for the synthesis. Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated OA molecules ...
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artículo
Publicado 2021
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During the last decade, there was a substantial increase in the research on metal-doped oxide semiconductor nanoparticles due to advances in the engineering of nanomaterials and their potential application in spintronics, biomedicine and photocatalysis fields. In this regard, doping a nanomaterial is a powerful tool to tune its physicochemical properties. The aim of this work is to shine a new light on the role of the neighbouring elements on the oxidation state of the Ce-impurity, from both experimental and theoretical points of view. Herein, we present an accurate study of the mechanisms involved in the oxidation states of the Ce-ions during the doping process of SnO2nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by the polymeric precursor method. X-ray diffraction measurements have displayed the tetragonal rutile-type SnO2phase in all samples. However, the Bragg’s peak (111) and (220) located at 2??2...
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artículo
Publicado 2021
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Fe-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) is an exciting material because it combines the host matrix's good electrical conductivity with the magnetic properties coming from the most earth-abundant transition metal, Fe. In this regard, a single-pot synthesis route based on a polymeric precursor method has been used to produce high-quality undoped and iron-doped ITO with iron content up to 13.0 mol%. The crystal formation in the bixbyite-type structure of all samples is confirmed by X-ray diffraction data analysis. A monotonous decrease of the lattice parameters with the increase of the Fe content is determined, which is consistent with of Fe ions with an oxidation state of 3+ in agreement with the ionic radii difference between In3+ and Fe3+. Raman spectroscopy confirms the bixbyite structure formation and provides evidence of a high surface disorder. 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy reveals the form...
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El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los niveles de concentración de nitratos y sulfatos en las aguas de escorrentía superficial de las microcuencas Huangamarca y Pollo de la provincia Otuzco, región La Libertad. Los estudios experimentales de las aguas captadas de las escorrentías superficiales en los agroecosistemas permitieron determinar concentraciones promedio de nitratos de 0,214 meq/l y 0.662 meq/l en las microcuencas Huangamarca y Pollo, respectivamente. Los sulfatos fluctuaron entre 0,435 meq/l en Huangamarca y 1,321 meq/l en Pollo. Estos valores de acuerdo a los niveles permisibles están por debajo de los niveles de contaminación, según los estándares de calidad de agua para riego. Se concluye que las aguas de las microcuencas estudiadas en Huangamarca y Pollo no tienen riesgos para su utilización.
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The skin is the largest organ of the body that protects it from the external environment. High- frequency ultra sound (HF-US) has been used to visualize the skin in depth and to diagnose some pathologies in dermatological applications. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) includes several techniques that provide values of particular physical properties. In this thesis work, three QUS parameters are explained and used to characterize healthy skin through HF-US: attenuation coefficient slope (ACS), backscatter coefficient (BSC) and shear wave speed (SWS). They were estimated with the regularized spectral-log difference (RSLD) method, the reference phan- tom method, and the crawling wave sonoelastography method, respectively. All the three parameters were assessed in phantoms, ex vivo and in vivo skin. In calibrated phantoms, RSLD showed a reduc- tion of up to 93% of the standard deviation concern...
