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1
artículo
Publicado 2013
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The realization of the photo-electrochemical process consists in percolating the solution to be treated through an electrolytic reactor, in which the anodes coated with metal oxides remains under the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV). The solution used in this study was contaminated artificially from fecal samples positive for bacteria and intestinal parasites. The evaluation of the process for the disinfection of water was held in photo-electrical-chemical reactor, with a total volume of 10.0 Lper batch system contaminated with human fecal material. It was used as the -1supporting electrolyte solution of sodium perchlorate at 0.1 mol. Land applying a current density -1of 14 mAwith the aid of a source and a flow rate of 250 L.h. The UVradiation was provided by a mercury vapor lamp of 55 Wwithout bulb shield. The center electrode is inserted through a quartz bulb. Samples were analyzed...
2
artículo
One characteristic that best defines today's society is the production of waste, this being higher in so-called "developed" countries. Virtually no human activity that does not generate any waste also exist a direct relationship between the standard of living of a society or country and the amount of waste generated. Approximately 23% of the world population lives in developed countries consume 78% of resources and produces 82% of the waste [Black and Malate, 1996]. Furthermore, the volume of waste grows exponentially with the level of industrialization of a country. There are currently about five million registered substances known of which approximately 70,000 are widely used throughout the world, estimated at about 1,000 new chemicals each year are added to the list.
3
artículo
Publicado 2003
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This work compare the efficiency of water treatment from Rimac river. Samples from different phases of water treatment (decanted, filtered and chlorinated) were compared with not treated samples. Coliphages quantification was made by Simple Layer and Membrane Filter methods. Most Probable Number (NMP) and Membrane Filter methods were used to assessment of Total Coliforms, Coliforms Thermotolerants and Heterotrophic Bacteria. The standard strain of E. coli C ATCC 13706 was used as coliphages host. The averages of quantified coliphages were of 2267,25 UFP/100 mL in samples with out treatment; 2,11, 2,04 and 1,07 UFP/100 mL in the water samples from decanted, filtered and chlorinated treatment respectively. Total Coliforms and Coliforms Thermotolerants were not detected in samples of chlorinated water. The correlation between coliphages and Total Coliforms in samples of decanted and filtere...
4
artículo
Publicado 2017
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Phenol can be degraded to almost 100 % within a few minutes via Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. Its degradation and the ratio of initial molar concentrations of oxidant and catalyst increase in inverse senses, and a ratio of 38.4 was optimal for aqueous solutions contaminated with 20 ppm of phenol. In addition to this, the use of ultraviolet-A light enhanced degradation when compared to shorter wavelengths.
5
artículo
Nuestro equipo investigador, en colaboración con la empresa Grupo Interlab, S.A. (Madrid), lleva varios años involucrado en un ambicioso proyecto que ha llevado al mercado un instrumento optoelectrónico para análisis y control medioambiental e industrial. El sistema multicanal utiliza sensores y biosensores sobre fibra óptica basados en indicadores específicos resultantes de la ingeniería molecular y fotoquímica de complejos luminiscentes de Ru(II). De esta forma, se ha conseguido un novedoso dispositivo capaz de monitorizar simultáneamente por vía óptica, in situ y en continuo, diversos parámetros esenciales en calidad de aguas y procesos industriales (oxígeno, temperatura, pH, amonio, DBO, hidrocarburos, detergentes y pesticidas de tipo carbonato) mediante el simple cambio de terminal sensible situado en el extremo de la fibra óptica, ya que todos los indicadores preparad...
6
artículo
Publicado 2010
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Pinch analysis is applied to reduce energy and water consumption in the process of fuel ethanol production so the technical, economic and environmental feasibility is demonstrated. The consumption of heat, water and total cost of process is reduced to 50, 40 and 25% respectively.
7
artículo
Our research team, in collaboration with the company Grupo Interlab, S.A. (Madrid), has been involved in an ambitious project for several years that has brought to the market an optoelectronic instrument for environmental and industrial analysis and control. The multichannel system uses optical fiber sensors and biosensors based on specific indicators resulting from molecular and photochemical engineering of luminescent Ru(II) complexes. In this way, a novel device has been achieved capable of simultaneously monitoring optically, in situ and continuously, various essential parameters in water quality and industrial processes (oxygen, temperature, pH, ammonium, BOD, hydrocarbons, detergents and pesticides). carbamate type) by simply changing the sensitive terminal located at the end of the optical fiber, since all the custom-made indicators are excited by the same light and emit luminesce...
8
artículo
Publicado 2014
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Traditional methods of leather production in Peru consume on average between 60 to 80% of chromium for tanning process , generating wastewater with high concentrations of total chromium that must be treated in order to meet the Maximum Allowable Values ( VMA ) established by the DS 029-2009 - Vivienda. The use of complexing agents in the chrome tanning process reduces the supply of chromium to increase skin absorption. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the treatability by chemical precipitation of wastewater from traditional and alternative tanning process. It was determined that the optimal pH for the precipitation was between 7.36 and 9.99, the doses used besides sodium hydroxide were between 0.5 and 5.5 g / L, is the traditional process that requires higher dose . It was determined that the cost of the inputs used in the production of wet blue leather is more than the c...
9
artículo
Publicado 2012
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The rationale of this paper is to report by presenting data on the direct recognition of the canal that supplied water for over three hundred years to the city of Wari, from investigations with excavations in several sections of the channel, as a reference for qochas work, canals, reservoirs supplying the metropolis Wari (Perez 2006, 2007 and 2010) and as part of the hydrologic and hydraulic study of inca canal Wari Wari Yarccan or Yarcca in Ayacucho (Chavarría 2010). We believe that this is a great proyec for social and economic infraestructure that the Wari state executed in the Andes during the second half of the first millennium od the present Christian era, about 800 yerars before formation of the Empire of Tawantinsuyo.
10
artículo
Publicado 2021
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The intensive use of agrochemicals for food production in developing countries has generated a problem of environmental concern since many of these substances, which are usually difficult to biodegrade, can reach natural sources, generating their contamination. That is why the search for new technologies for the elimination of these pollutants has arisen with great interest. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP), whose main characteristic is the generation of highly oxidizing species such as the hydroxyl radical, can achieve the chemical modification of the pollutant, generating by-products that can be less harmful to the environment. In this work, the degradation of methomyl, a highly used insecticide in the Arequipa region, Peru, was evaluated using different PAOs such as ozonation in alkaline medium, UV-C/H2O2 and photo-Fenton processes at acid pH in natural surface waters. The effect of...
11
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Optimization of the steam quinoa cooking process was carried out, using a response surface design (RSM) 3-level: 3k factorial, and the multiple response optimization methodology of the desirability function (Dx) was used to find the optimal region, which are improved tools to optimize the variables of a process, evaluate the maximization of the water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), degree of gelatinization (GE) and the minimization of cotyledon detachment (DC) of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). The equipment used was a vertical cook with a steam generator, the study cooking variables, the steam pressure, and the cooking time. The optimal process values were: Pressure 1.5 kgf.cm-2 and time 8 minutes for the best characteristics of cooked quinoa WSI of 26.411%, WAI of 7.960 (g.g-1), GE of 89.245% and CD of 18.40%, the value of the desirability function as an indica...
12
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Optimization of the steam quinoa cooking process was carried out, using a response surface design (RSM) 3-level: 3k factorial, and the multiple response optimization methodology of the desirability function (Dx) was used to find the optimal region, which are improved tools to optimize the variables of a process, evaluate the maximization of the water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), degree of gelatinization (GE) and the minimization of cotyledon detachment (DC) of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). The equipment used was a vertical cook with a steam generator, the study cooking variables, the steam pressure, and the cooking time. The optimal process values were: Pressure 1.5 kgf.cm-2 and time 8 minutes for the best characteristics of cooked quinoa WSI of 26.411%, WAI of 7.960 (g.g-1), GE of 89.245% and CD of 18.40%, the value of the desirability function as an indica...
13
artículo
In this work an alternative is presented for the wastewater treatment in the University City of the UNMSM with the use of wetlands. Many «natural systems» they are being considered with the purpose of the wastewater treatment and control of the contamination of the water. The interest in the natural systems this based on the conservation of the resources associated with these systems like opposed to the process of conventional for wastewater treatment that is intensive regarding the energy use and chemical. The wetlands are one of the many types of natural systems that can be used for the treatment and control of the contamination. According to U.S. EPA (1983). «A wetland is built specifically with the purpose of to control the contamination and to manage the waste, in a place where a natural wetland exists. The form in that these wetlands works has similarity with the biological proc...
14
artículo
Publicado 2023
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This article deals with the processes of liberalization and privatization of economic public services within the framework of the social market economy in Peru. The meaning of liberalization and privatization is provided to differentiate their scope and differences, to later explain how processes have been applied in Peru, particularly in the public services of telecommunications, electricity, natural gas, and potable water and sanitation.
15
artículo
Publicado 2008
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En el presente trabajo, se evalúa la factibilidad técnica del proceso de oxidación avanzada (AOX) usando el reactivo Fenton H2O2/Fe^(2+) en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales generadas por el lavado cáustico de una refinería de petróleo. Estas aguas contienen una demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), de 20 160 mg/L y fenoles totales 1800 mg/L. Los resultados del tratamiento muestran eficiencia de remoción del 90% para DQO, y 99% para fenoles totales a pH de 4.
16
artículo
Publicado 2008
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In this paper we evaluate the technical feasibility of advanced oxidation process (AOX) using the reagent Fenton H2O2/Fe^(2+) in the treatment of wastewater generated by the caustic washing of an oil refinery. These waters contain a chemical oxygen demand (DQO), 20 160 mg / L and total phenols 1 800 mg / L. The results show the treatment efficiency of removal of 90% for DQO, and 99% for total phenol at pH 4.
17
artículo
Publicado 2018
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The water infiltration analysis in soils is indispensable in order to understand how the moisture variations in the soil occurs in real situations as well as its influence in the engineering properties. However, such analysis requires the unsaturated soil parameters for the computations. These parameters, such as the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity can be estimated by using the soil water retention curve (SWRC). The SWRC governs the hydration and dehydration process in soils. The current research, studies the water infiltrations in a residual soil from Brazil under two unsaturated initial conditions. The analysis was performed by using a finite elements software employing the SWRC of the soil obtained experimentally. The results show that the saturation time is in function of the initial saturation of the soil and the quality of experimental data in the SWRC.
18
artículo
Publicado 2018
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The water infiltration analysis in soils is indispensable in order to understand how the moisture variations in the soil occurs in real situations as well as its influence in the engineering properties. However, such analysis requires the unsaturated soil parameters for the computations. These parameters, such as the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity can be estimated by using the soil water retention curve (SWRC). The SWRC governs the hydration and dehydration process in soils. The current research, studies the water infiltrations in a residual soil from Brazil under two unsaturated initial conditions. The analysis was performed by using a finite elements software employing the SWRC of the soil obtained experimentally. The results show that the saturation time is in function of the initial saturation of the soil and the quality of experimental data in the SWRC.
19
artículo
Publicado 2018
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The water infiltration analysis in soils is indispensable in order to understand how the moisture variations in the soil occurs in real situations as well as its influence in the engineering properties. However, such analysis requires the unsaturated soil parameters for the computations. These parameters, such as the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity can be estimated by using the soil water retention curve (SWRC). The SWRC governs the hydration and dehydration process in soils. The current research, studies the water infiltrations in a residual soil from Brazil under two unsaturated initial conditions. The analysis was performed by using a finite elements software employing the SWRC of the soil obtained experimentally. The results show that the saturation time is in function of the initial saturation of the soil and the quality of experimental data in the SWRC.
20
artículo
Publicado 2018
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The water infiltration analysis in soils is indispensable in order to understand how the moisture variations in the soil occurs in real situations as well as its influence in the engineering properties. However, such analysis requires the unsaturated soil parameters for the computations. These parameters, such as the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity can be estimated by using the soil water retention curve (SWRC). The SWRC governs the hydration and dehydration process in soils. The current research, studies the water infiltrations in a residual soil from Brazil under two unsaturated initial conditions. The analysis was performed by using a finite elements software employing the SWRC of the soil obtained experimentally. The results show that the saturation time is in function of the initial saturation of the soil and the quality of experimental data in the SWRC.
