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1
artículo
Publicado 2012
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This paper reviews the different indices used to describe and characterize the horizontal structure or spatial pattern in forest stands, with particular emphasis on those which have been applied to the study of tropical forests. These indices have been classified according to their data-inventory requirements. A number of aspects concerned with the statistical properties of the most commonly employed indices (Fisher and Morisita indices, LQV techniques and SADIE in the quadrats group; Clark-Evans, Pielou and Byth-Ripley in the nearest-neighbour group; The empirical L(d) and O-ring functions in the mapped data group) and their applicability to tropical stands, have been tested in experimental plots located in an Andean tropical forest.
2
artículo
Publicado 2005
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The forest fragments or relict forests on the Western slopes of the Andes in northwest Peru and in south-west Ecuador are fragile ecosystems, which were largely continuous at some stage in the past. The importance and uniqueness of these forests as «refuges» and stable habitats roots partly in their complex diversity and their high levels of endemicity. These in turn are the outcome of a complex topography and ecology. In this introductory chapter 12 studies are analysed, which were presented at the Taller sobre Bosques Relictos de la Vertiente Occidental Andina del Norte del Perú y Sur del Ecuador in May 2004 at the X CONABOT, Trujillo-Perú. This helps to consolidate and update our knowledge on these over 20 forests fragments in northern Peru and two previously unknown fragments are presented for the first time: Bosque La Oscurana (Cajamarca) and Kañaris (Lambayeque). Some ideas ar...
3
artículo
Publicado 2005
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The forest fragments or relict forests on the Western slopes of the Andes in northwest Peru and in south-west Ecuador are fragile ecosystems, which were largely continuous at some stage in the past. The importance and uniqueness of these forests as «refuges» and stable habitats roots partly in their complex diversity and their high levels of endemicity. These in turn are the outcome of a complex topography and ecology. In this introductory chapter 12 studies are analysed, which were presented at the Taller sobre Bosques Relictos de la Vertiente Occidental Andina del Norte del Perú y Sur del Ecuador in May 2004 at the X CONABOT, Trujillo-Perú. This helps to consolidate and update our knowledge on these over 20 forests fragments in northern Peru and two previously unknown fragments are presented for the first time: Bosque La Oscurana (Cajamarca) and Kañaris (Lambayeque). Some ideas ar...
4
artículo
Publicado 2005
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In Kañaris (Lambayeque Department) there are enormous relic forests, probably the largest relic forests on the western slope of the Andes in Peru. They are very well preserved, but at the same time botanically virtually unexplored. These forests are found at elevations of 1500-3000 m in the highlands of Upaypiteq and the adjacent areas in the Cordillera Occidental on the atlantic slope [Shin Shin, San Lorenzo, Huacapampa, Pandachí, Gramalote, Walte, Mollepampa in the district of Kañaris (2300 m)] and on the Pacific slope [Chiñama and Luto]. The current study was undertaken with the aim of studying these forests with botanical sampling, and the life and structures of the components of the forests of Upaypiteq. The botanical specimens are the basis for progress and the pricipical forest components of the cloud forest are determined as members of: Lauraceae (Persea, Ocotea, Nectandra), ...
5
artículo
Publicado 2005
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In Kañaris (Lambayeque Department) there are enormous relic forests, probably the largest relic forests on the western slope of the Andes in Peru. They are very well preserved, but at the same time botanically virtually unexplored. These forests are found at elevations of 1500-3000 m in the highlands of Upaypiteq and the adjacent areas in the Cordillera Occidental on the atlantic slope [Shin Shin, San Lorenzo, Huacapampa, Pandachí, Gramalote, Walte, Mollepampa in the district of Kañaris (2300 m)] and on the Pacific slope [Chiñama and Luto]. The current study was undertaken with the aim of studying these forests with botanical sampling, and the life and structures of the components of the forests of Upaypiteq. The botanical specimens are the basis for progress and the pricipical forest components of the cloud forest are determined as members of: Lauraceae (Persea, Ocotea, Nectandra), ...
6
artículo
Few floristic inventories and even less syntaxonomical vegetation descriptions of tropical mountain forests exist. The author presents a syntaxonomical treatment of the vegetation of Reserva Biológica of San Francisco at the northern limit of Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador, together with notes on the corresponding soil types. The Lower Montane Forest (1800-2150 m), grouped in the new order Alzateetalia verticillatae, has a very diverse tree layer 20-35 m tall, and are a typical mosaic-climax. It grows on Terric Haplosaprists and Aquic Dystrupepts, developed from old landslide material and extends up to elevations of 2300 m at the bottom of wind-protected riverine valleys. At altitudes from 2100-2650 m (–2750 m), the forest structure and floristic composition change completely. The vegetation types belonging to this Upper Montane Forest form the newly described Purdiaeaetalia nutant...
7
artículo
Few floristic inventories and even less syntaxonomical vegetation descriptions of tropical mountain forests exist. The author presents a syntaxonomical treatment of the vegetation of Reserva Biológica of San Francisco at the northern limit of Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador, together with notes on the corresponding soil types. The Lower Montane Forest (1800-2150 m), grouped in the new order Alzateetalia verticillatae, has a very diverse tree layer 20-35 m tall, and are a typical mosaic-climax. It grows on Terric Haplosaprists and Aquic Dystrupepts, developed from old landslide material and extends up to elevations of 2300 m at the bottom of wind-protected riverine valleys. At altitudes from 2100-2650 m (–2750 m), the forest structure and floristic composition change completely. The vegetation types belonging to this Upper Montane Forest form the newly described Purdiaeaetalia nutant...
8
artículo
Publicado 2005
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The relict forests of the west slopes of the Andes of northern Peru and southern Ecuador form part of the Tumbesian Endemic Bird Area (characterized by dry forests) and at higher altitudes the Southern Central Andes Endemic Bird Area (characterized by cloud forests and paramo). The Tumbesian Region is recognized for its high level of endemic birds, many of which are threatened and also for the high level of deforestation and fragmentation of its natural habitats. This article presents an overview of the state of conservation of these birds and forests, with recommendations for improving the conservation of the last forests of the western slope.
9
artículo
Publicado 2005
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The relict forests of the west slopes of the Andes of northern Peru and southern Ecuador form part of the Tumbesian Endemic Bird Area (characterized by dry forests) and at higher altitudes the Southern Central Andes Endemic Bird Area (characterized by cloud forests and paramo). The Tumbesian Region is recognized for its high level of endemic birds, many of which are threatened and also for the high level of deforestation and fragmentation of its natural habitats. This article presents an overview of the state of conservation of these birds and forests, with recommendations for improving the conservation of the last forests of the western slope.
10
artículo
Publicado 2019
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Nectarivorous birds (hummingbirds, flowerpiercers, and conebills) and their floral resources in an elfin forest of the central Andes of Peru (Unchog, Carpish Mountains) are described. This forest is well-known for its concentration of endemic species, mainly birds. We recorded the nectarivorous birds, vascular plants and the interactions among them between 2011-2014. The birds were recorded by direct observations and mist nets. Plants were evaluated with Gentry plots and occasional collection. A total of 26 nectarivorous bird species have been reported in this forest, however from our observations we detected from this assemblage 17 bird species that feed in plants’ nectar. A total of 27 plant species were visited by the birds. The nectarivorous birds were hummingbirds (Trochilidae, 12 species), flowerpiercers (Thraupidae, 4 species) and a conebill (Thraupidae: 1 specie). The plants we...
11
artículo
Publicado 2020
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Polylepis forests are threatened high Andean ecosystems that harbour unique species of flora and fauna. However, there is little information on the avifauna associated with these forests in the Central Andes of Peru. We evaluated 12 bird communities in the Junín, Lima and Huancavelica departments of Peru and recorded richness-abundance data that were used to perform an analysis of ?- and ?-diversity using Hill numbers. In addition, we built two species matrices (presence-absence data) for three previously identified key bird conservation areas and our study area, first with the species that regularly inhabit the Polylepis forests and second with the species of conservation interest. We found that the Polylepis forests of the Central Andes of Peru have a high diversity of birds. Some of these birds have a strong affinity for Polylepis forests, and another group is typical of the tree lin...
12
artículo
Publicado 2018
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The spatial patterns of deforestation are usually non-randomly distributed across the landscape. While anthropogenically driven processes are often addressed in land-use regulation policies and deforestation research, less attention is given to the environmental factors that influence tropical deforestation. This study investigates to what extent climate conditions (temperature and precipitation) and biophysical landscape characteristics (elevation, slope, soil type, forest type, and distance to rivers) facilitate or mitigate deforestation processes in Peru's tropical Andes. A Random Forest regression model was constructed for the entire Peruvian tropical Andes, and separate models were developed for some of the known direct deforestation drivers in the region (coca production, gold mining, and land-use by indigenous and non-indigenous communities). Soil type and precipitation were ident...
13
artículo
We are grateful to the staff of the abovementioned herbaria for allowing us to examine specimens from their collections. Christine Niezgoda (F) and Alfredo F. Fuentes (LPB) kindly sent us specimen images. We are grateful to Otavio M. L. da Silva for assistance with the QGIS software. ACF was supported by a CNPq research grant and the Programa de Capacitaç~ao Institucional (MPEG/ MCTIC). MIOR was supported by a mobilization scholarship from the National Fund for Scientific Development, Technological and Technological Innovation-FONDECYT, CONCYTEC (Lima, Peru), for a two-month internship at the RJB-CSIC in 2017. RR received support from the Synthesys Programme (GBTAF-2834). Three reviewers and the editors provided valuable comments and suggestions to improve earlier versions of this manuscript.
14
artículo
Publicado 2020
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A new species of Bistriopelma Kaderka 2015, Bistriopelma fabianae sp. nov., from the Arequipa region in southern Peru is described, diagnosed, and illustrated. Specimens were found in a Queñua forest (Polylepis rugulosa Bitter) spread out on the slopes of Pichu Pichu volcano in the buffer zone of Salinas and Aguada Blanca National Reserve. Biological and ecological data of B. fabianae sp. nov. are provided as well as notes on B. kiwicha and B. peyoi, two new species recently described from Apurimac and Cusco regions. Publicación registrada en Zoobank/ZooBank article registered:LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BB9DF4D9-6684-46AF-9D15-71FEC64CD032Acto nomenclatural/nomenclatural act:Bistriopelma fabianae Quispe-Colca and Kaderka, 2020LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B63485CD-C00D-4E93-AF02-914AD9A566DA
15
artículo
Publicado 2020
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A new species of Bistriopelma Kaderka 2015, Bistriopelma fabianae sp. nov., from the Arequipa region in southern Peru is described, diagnosed, and illustrated. Specimens were found in a Queñua forest (Polylepis rugulosa Bitter) spread out on the slopes of Pichu Pichu volcano in the buffer zone of Salinas and Aguada Blanca National Reserve. Biological and ecological data of B. fabianae sp. nov. are provided as well as notes on B. kiwicha and B. peyoi, two new species recently described from Apurimac and Cusco regions. Publicación registrada en Zoobank/ZooBank article registered:LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BB9DF4D9-6684-46AF-9D15-71FEC64CD032Acto nomenclatural/nomenclatural act:Bistriopelma fabianae Quispe-Colca and Kaderka, 2020LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B63485CD-C00D-4E93-AF02-914AD9A566DA
16
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The objective of this research was to quantify the contents of aboveground biomass and carbon of Polylepis spp. “queñoa”, in a relict forest of the Muylaque countryside community in the department of Moquegua between 3,700 and 4,300 m.a.s.l. Under a forest inventory, dasometric parameters (stem diameter, crown diameter, total tree height) were recorded in 20 × 20 m plots, following MINAM (Peruvian Ministry of the Environment) guidelines, to then calculate biomass through the application of an allometric equation for Polylepis and the conversion factor obtained from samples of 20 individuals with the photometric method to find the stored carbon. The laboratory results showed that the conversion factor from biomass to stored carbon was 0.58. In addition, using the information per plot in the forest inventory and applying the allometric equation, the expansion factor per hectare a...
17
artículo
Publicado 2024
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The objective of this research was to quantify the contents of aboveground biomass and carbon of Polylepis spp. “queñoa”, in a relict forest of the Muylaque countryside community in the department of Moquegua between 3,700 and 4,300 m.a.s.l. Under a forest inventory, dasometric parameters (stem diameter, crown diameter, total tree height) were recorded in 20 × 20 m plots, following MINAM (Peruvian Ministry of the Environment) guidelines, to then calculate biomass through the application of an allometric equation for Polylepis and the conversion factor obtained from samples of 20 individuals with the photometric method to find the stored carbon. The laboratory results showed that the conversion factor from biomass to stored carbon was 0.58. In addition, using the information per plot in the forest inventory and applying the allometric equation, the expansion factor per hectare a...
18
artículo
Publicado 2022
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Peter Joseph Hocking Weeks, or Pedro Hocking as he was known in Lima, was born in Pucallpa on July 7, 1938 and died in Lima on October 31, 2022. Pedro Hocking did not have a scientific background, but he was recognized as a naturalist for his contributions to the knowledge and documentation of Peruvian birds. Pedro Hocking was part of a generation passionate for biodiversity, for whom each locality visited was a new world that contained unknown species and that did not have field guides or current technological resources to identify in situ those that were already known. It was a time when the collection of specimens was the basic tool to know the biodiversity of a locality and the main activity of the expeditions. Although his main interest was birds, his contributions were not limited to them but included other groups of fauna as well.
19
artículo
Publicado 2012
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Discovered in 1961 by Pedro Rojas (1961, 1985) as part of follow-up research to Tello’s Marañon expedition, Huayurco was one of the first sites in the eastern Peruvian Andes to be formally excavated. The recovery of exotic offerings in addition to multiple finely crafted stone bowls led Rojas and Donald Lathrap (1970: 108-109) to suggest that Huayurco was an important center of exchange during the Early Horizon (900-200 B.C), helping to facilitate interregional interaction between the Pacific coast, highlands and Amazonian lowlands. In 2010, we conducted excavations at Huayurco to examine this hypothesis. Preliminary survey and excavation results confirm Huayurco’s long distance relationships and show that the site is much larger than originally recorded with a long and complex occupational history.
20
artículo
Publicado 2025
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Land-use change in the Central Andes of Peru has led to the widespread conversion of tropical montane forests, significantly reducing their carbon storage capacity. This study estimated aboveground and soil carbon stocks across a disturbance gradient: croplands (C), agroforestry systems (AF), regenerating montane forests (BMR), and conserved montane forests (BMC). Using destructive and non-destructive sampling, 61 plots (0.1 ha each) were assessed, measuring live and dead aboveground biomass, fine roots, and soil organic carbon down to 1 meter. Results show that BMC had the highest total carbon stock (575.33 ± 215.4 Mg C ha⁻¹), followed by BMR (386.53 ± 186.6), AF (276.69 ± 172.5), and C (205.14 ± 114.03). Soil organic carbon was the dominant carbon pool across all land uses, contributing between 93% (in croplands) and 62% (in conserved forests) of total carbon, highlighting its c...
