The genus Ribes (Grossulariaceae) has a center of diversity in the tropical Andes, especially in Peru. Several new species have been discovered in recent years and additional collections keep turning up material of undescribed species. In the present study we describe two additional new species, both from the wide-ranging species complex around Ribes andicola. Ribes lambayequensis comes from a known centre of diversity of the Andean plants, the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone, but represents the first species of the genus from Lambayeque. It differs most obviously from its geographical neighbor Ribes colandina by its two-coloured flowers in erect inflorescences (versus uniformly dark red flowers in pendulous racemes in R. colandina). The other new species is described from Apurímac and represents the first microendemic species of Ribes from this generally poorly explored region. It is a far so...

The forest fragments or relict forests on the Western slopes of the Andes in northwest Peru and in south-west Ecuador are fragile ecosystems, which were largely continuous at some stage in the past. The importance and uniqueness of these forests as «refuges» and stable habitats roots partly in their complex diversity and their high levels of endemicity. These in turn are the outcome of a complex topography and ecology. In this introductory chapter 12 studies are analysed, which were presented at the Taller sobre Bosques Relictos de la Vertiente Occidental Andina del Norte del Perú y Sur del Ecuador in May 2004 at the X CONABOT, Trujillo-Perú. This helps to consolidate and update our knowledge on these over 20 forests fragments in northern Peru and two previously unknown fragments are presented for the first time: Bosque La Oscurana (Cajamarca) and Kañaris (Lambayeque). Some ideas ar...

Data from Loasaceae and Ribes (Grossulariaceae) obtained during field studies in Peru allow us to define the southeastern limit of the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone with remarkable precision. The limit runs in slightly southeasterly direction from NE of Otuzco (department La Libertad, province Otuzco, Río Chicama drainage system: S 07° 50,315´, W 078° 29,076´) to the mountain pass between Parcoy and Buldibuyo (department La Libertad, province Pataz, N of the Río Cajas: S 08° 04,619´, W 077° 25,457´). The plant groups typical of the Amotape Huancabamba Zone (N. triphylla group, N. ser. Alatae, Ribes andicola group, Nasa picta subsp. picta) find their southeastern distribution limit in the northern part of the province Pataz, and are replaced by their southern counterparts (N. poissoniana group, Ribes viscosum) immediately south of this pass height.

In the present paper, the valid names of 101 taxa of new species, new subspecies and new combinations of the genera Nasa and Aosa (Loasaceae: Cornales) are published. The invalid names of these taxa were originally published in various articles in the last ten years. This publication is carried out on the basis of the changes in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature approved in the International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Viena, 2005. For each taxon the valid names, protologue citation and type are provided, in the case of the 41 new species and subspecies a latin diagnosis is included, as per requirement ot the Code. We additionally provide the citation for the original, invalid publication and corresponding illustration of the taxon. The taxon list here provided represents a complete list of all taxa currently known in the genus Nasa, including the species recently validate...

En el presente trabajo publicamos los nombres válidos de 101 taxones asignados como nuevas especies, nuevos subgeneros y nuevas combinaciones en los géneros Nasa y Aosa (Loasaceae: Cornales). Los nombres invalidos fueron publicados en diversos artí- culos en los últimos diez años. Se hace esta publicación como consecuencia de los cambios en el Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botánica adoptados recientemente por el International Botanical Congress (IBC) realizado en Viena, 2005. Para cada taxón se provee el nombre válido, protólogo del tipo, diagnosis en latín para las 41 especies o subespecies nuevas, la cita de la publicación original inválida y la cita donde se encuentran los dibujos respectivos. El listado de taxones para Nasa incluye todas las especies actualmente conocidas del género, incluyendo a las especies recientemente publicadas en TAXON.

The forest fragments or relict forests on the Western slopes of the Andes in northwest Peru and in south-west Ecuador are fragile ecosystems, which were largely continuous at some stage in the past. The importance and uniqueness of these forests as «refuges» and stable habitats roots partly in their complex diversity and their high levels of endemicity. These in turn are the outcome of a complex topography and ecology. In this introductory chapter 12 studies are analysed, which were presented at the Taller sobre Bosques Relictos de la Vertiente Occidental Andina del Norte del Perú y Sur del Ecuador in May 2004 at the X CONABOT, Trujillo-Perú. This helps to consolidate and update our knowledge on these over 20 forests fragments in northern Peru and two previously unknown fragments are presented for the first time: Bosque La Oscurana (Cajamarca) and Kañaris (Lambayeque). Some ideas ar...

Data from Loasaceae and Ribes (Grossulariaceae) obtained during field studies in Peru allow us to define the southeastern limit of the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone with remarkable precision. The limit runs in slightly southeasterly direction from NE of Otuzco (department La Libertad, province Otuzco, Río Chicama drainage system: S 07° 50,315´, W 078° 29,076´) to the mountain pass between Parcoy and Buldibuyo (department La Libertad, province Pataz, N of the Río Cajas: S 08° 04,619´, W 077° 25,457´). The plant groups typical of the Amotape Huancabamba Zone (N. triphylla group, N. ser. Alatae, Ribes andicola group, Nasa picta subsp. picta) find their southeastern distribution limit in the northern part of the province Pataz, and are replaced by their southern counterparts (N. poissoniana group, Ribes viscosum) immediately south of this pass height.

Even in times of “big data”, the holdings of local herbaria worldwide are of increasing value for taxonomic discoveries and phytogeographic analyses. Based on our research in Peruvian herbaria we present new records for three species of Symplocos (Symplocaceae) for Peru, which were previously known only from Southern Ecuador.

The Loasaceae are represented in Peru by eight genera and around 112 species (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), mainly herbs. Here we recognize 59 species and 10 infra-specific taxa in five genera as Peruvian endemics. Nasa is the genus with the largest number of endemic species. These endemic taxa are found in the Mesoandean, Humid and Dry Puna, and Very Humid Montane Forest regions, between 1400 and 4700 m elevation. Ten of these taxa have been found in the Peruvian protected areas system.

La familia Loasaceae está representada en el Perú por ocho géneros y alrededor de 112 especies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), la mayoría herbáceas. En este trabajo se reconoce y categoriza 59 especies y 10 taxones subespecíficos en cinco géneros como endemismos peruanos. El género Nasa es el más rico en especies. Estos taxones endémicos ocupan principalmente las regiones Mesoandina, Puna Húmeda y Seca y Bosques Muy Húmedos Montanos, desde los 1400 hasta los 4700 m de altitud. Diez de los endemismos reconocidos se encuentran representados dentro del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado.

Even in times of “big data”, the holdings of local herbaria worldwide are of increasing value for taxonomic discoveries and phytogeographic analyses. Based on our research in Peruvian herbaria we present new records for three species of Symplocos (Symplocaceae) for Peru, which were previously known only from Southern Ecuador.

Nasa is the largest genera in the Loasaceae family and it is particularly speciose in the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of northern Peru. Nasa ser. Carunculatae is a group of four species, three of them endemic to the Amotape- Huancabamba Zone. Species in this group are characterized by their shrubby habit, deciduous leaves, and typical tilt-revolving flowers with white to greenish petals. In this work, we describe a new species of Nasa ser. Carunculatae from the southern limit of Amotape-Huancabamba area, La Libertad, Peru. The species differs from others in having much smaller and notably narrower leaves. Unlike all the other species of ser. Carunculatae, the entire distal portion of the stem is densely glandular. It is apparently most closely related to Nasa carunculata, a species known from inter-Andean valleys of Ancash and Ayacucho.

Nasa is the largest genera in the Loasaceae family and it is particularly speciose in the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of northern Peru. Nasa ser. Carunculatae is a group of four species, three of them endemic to the Amotape- Huancabamba Zone. Species in this group are characterized by their shrubby habit, deciduous leaves, and typical tilt-revolving flowers with white to greenish petals. In this work, we describe a new species of Nasa ser. Carunculatae from the southern limit of Amotape-Huancabamba area, La Libertad, Peru. The species differs from others in having much smaller and notably narrower leaves. Unlike all the other species of ser. Carunculatae, the entire distal portion of the stem is densely glandular. It is apparently most closely related to Nasa carunculata, a species known from inter-Andean valleys of Ancash and Ayacucho.

Krameria lappacea (rhatany) is a well established medicinal and dye plant that is used since pre-Colombian times. In the last 15 years the biology, distribution and abundance of rhatany in Peru was investigated and methods for a sustainable wildcrafting were developed. The objective of this work was to investigate which factors limit the natural propagation and to explore whether the reseeding measures can contribute to the establishment of new plants in situ. Investigating the germination and in situ propagation, greenhouse trials showed that the seed burial is an important, limiting factor for the germination of K. lappacea und the germination rate can be increased (3—4x) by burying the seeds. Both the burial of the seeds during collection and re-sowing measures on selected lots can contribute to the rejuvenation of the population. Secondary roots, which are left in the ground during...

Krameria lappacea (ratania) ha sido utilizada y reconocida como planta medicinal y tintura vegetal desde épocas precolombinas. En los últimos 15 años se han estudiado la biología, propagación y abundancia de ratania en Perú y desarrollado métodos que garanticen una recolección silvestre sostenible. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar qué factores limitan la propagación natural y evaluar si una resiembra de semillas durante la recolección puede facilitar el establecimiento de plantas nuevas in situ. Al investigarse la germinación de las semillas y la propagación in situ pudo comprobarse mediante experimentos de invernadero que el entierro de las semillas es un factor limitante para la germinación de K. lappacea y que la tasa de germinación puede incrementarse significativamente (3 – 4x) al enterrar las semillas. Tanto la resiembra de las semillas en los hoyos realiz...

In the present study we revised the genus Hypseocharis in Bolivia and Peru. A total number of 105 herbarium specimens were revised to evaluate the morphological diversity across the range of the genus. In a subset of 24 complete individuals a multivariate morphometric analysis was performed to evaluate the morphological characters historically used to differentiate the “species” of the genus Hypseocharis. A revision of the herbarium material indicated that there are no sharp lines dividing the different “species” with the only exception of H. tridentata. The multivariate analysis indicated that H. bilobata, H. malpasensis and H. pedicularifolia all occupy the same morphospace as H. pimpinellifolia and there are no individual morphological characters or suites of characters permitting the differentiation of distinct taxa. This confirms earlier findings from Argentina: There are on...

In the present study we revised the genus Hypseocharis in Bolivia and Peru. A total number of 105 herbarium specimens were revised to evaluate the morphological diversity across the range of the genus. In a subset of 24 complete individuals a multivariate morphometric analysis was performed to evaluate the morphological characters historically used to differentiate the “species” of the genus Hypseocharis. A revision of the herbarium material indicated that there are no sharp lines dividing the different “species” with the only exception of H. tridentata. The multivariate analysis indicated that H. bilobata, H. malpasensis and H. pedicularifolia all occupy the same morphospace as H. pimpinellifolia and there are no individual morphological characters or suites of characters permitting the differentiation of distinct taxa. This confirms earlier findings from Argentina: There are on...