Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de polímeros a partir de almidón de yuca (Manihot esculenta)

• Autores: Aranda Lozano, Kevin Andre, Davila Salinas, Rafael Eduardo
• Formato: tesis de grado
• Fecha de Publicación: 2022
• Institución: Universidad de Lima
• Repositorio: ULIMA-Institucional
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:repositorio.ulima.edu.pe:20.500.12724/19283
• Enlace del recurso: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12724/19283
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Polímeros; Bolsas; Almidones; Yuca; Bolsas ecológicas; Plásticos biodegradables; Biodegradable plastics; Estudios de prefactibilidad; Polymers; Bags; Starch; Cassava; Ecological bags; Prefeasibility studies; https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.11.04

In recent years, the world has been hurt by climate change due to solid waste pollution. One of these wastes are plastics, whose degradation time, depending on the type, varies between 100 to 1 000 years. For this reason, it has been proposed to study technically and economically the production of a substitute material for plastic for making bags: Polymers made from cassava starch. To define the demand of the project, the DIA of a material that the present project could replace was based on, using the imports and exports of polyethylene and polypropylene, to then project this information for the years of the project. Then, on these data, the moving average was applied to give a more stable propensity to the demand. Finally, from conducting surveys, the projected demand was segmented with the intensity and intention, as well as the respective percentage of participation of biodegradable bags for each year and the demand to be covered, taking a similar company as a reference, estimating a demand for the last year of the project of 22 973 bags of 50 kilograms. The plant is located in the district of San Juan de Lurigancho, in the province of Lima, in the department of Lima, where the availability of raw material (cassava starch) was essential to choose the department, as well as proximity to the market and the cost of the land was to choose the district. Regarding the size of the plant, there is no limitation of technology or productive resources, so the demand was the one who defined the size of the plant, being 22 973 bags of 50 kilograms, regarding to the last year. Regarding the technology used for the methodology, the method for the production of thermoplasticized starch was selected, after having carried out an analysis of quality, complexity and availability of information compared to the other 2 available methods. Regarding the technology used for the machinery, considering that extrusion is the main operation of the process, it was decided to use the twin-screw extruder, because it is used for works with high humidity of materials, and the incoming material in this process contains a large amount of water. To prepare the annual production schedule, a safety stock, beginning inventory, and ending inventory had to be calculated for each year. For the last year of the project, a production of 24 052 50-kg bags was calculated. The layout of the plant was determined based on different methodologies, from which a total area of 1 140 m2 was obtained for the industrial plant. The project was estimated at an investment amount of S/ 2 402 594,93, where 60% was financed by a bank loan to be paid in the next 5 years, and an accumulated financial VAN of S/ 2 703 724,15 and a TIR of 68,54% were estimated for the 5 years that the project lasts. Finally, a social evaluation of the project was carried out, to evaluate how this project impacts society, where an accumulated current added value of S/ 10 626 670,92 was obtained.