Clinical rectal diarrheic swabs (n=27) and pathological intestinal contents (n=24) from 51 alpacas between 1 to 7 weeks of age were used to isolate and genotype Escherichia coli, and to test for antimicrobial sensibility. All the E. coli isolates, confirmed by the API system, were genotyped by Multiplex PCR to determine the presence of virulence genes: stx1 and stx2 (shigatoxin 1 and 2), eae (intimin), bfp (Bundle-Forming Pili), lt (heat-labile toxin), sta and stb (heat-stable toxin A and B), in enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC) or enterotoxigenic (ETEC) E. coli strains. Positive stx1 and stx2 strains were tested on Vero cells for verocytotoxicity, and all isolates were tested for antimicrobial sensibility to the eight most frequent used antibiotics in Andean livestock. Microbiological and molecular analysis revealed the presence of pathogenic E. coli strains in 19/27 (70...

            The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of milk in alpacas and llamas, considering two agroecological zones in the case of the alpaca. 40 Huacaya alpacas and 20 female llamas that were between 40 and 45 days of lactation were used. The animal husbandry system was extensive. The composition of total solids (%), gross energy (MJ/100 g), ash (%), fat (%), non-fatty solids (%), density (g/cm3), protein (%), lactose were determined. (%), salts (%), pH, freezing point (ºC) and somatic cell count (cells/ml x 1000). It is concluded that the physicochemical composition of milk is similar between llamas and alpacas and that the agroecological zone influences the composition of milk in Huacaya alpacas.

Se analizaron 27 hisopos diarreicos rectales y 24 contenidos patológicos del intestino de 51 alpacas de 1 a 7 semanas de edad para aislar y genotificar Escherichia coli, y caracterizar su sensibilidad antimicrobiana. Los aislamientos de E. coli fueron genotipificados por PCR múltiple para detectar genes de virulencia: stx1 y stx2 (shigatoxina 1 y 2), eae (intimina) y bfp (Bundle-Forming Pili), lt (toxina termolábil), sta y stb (toxina termoestable A y B), presentes en E. coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC), enteropatógena (EPEC) y enterotoxigénica (ETEC). Paralelamente, cepas positivas a stx1 o stx2 fueron analizadas en células Vero para detectar efectos verocitotóxicos. Posteriormente, todas las cepas aisladas fueron evaluadas para determinar su sensibilidad antimicrobiana a ocho antibióticos frecuentemente utilizados en ganaderías alpaqueras altoandinas. Los análisis microbiológi...

            The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of milk in alpacas and llamas, considering two agroecological zones in the case of the alpaca. 40 Huacaya alpacas and 20 female llamas that were between 40 and 45 days of lactation were used. The animal husbandry system was extensive. The composition of total solids (%), gross energy (MJ/100 g), ash (%), fat (%), non-fatty solids (%), density (g/cm3), protein (%), lactose were determined. (%), salts (%), pH, freezing point (ºC) and somatic cell count (cells/ml x 1000). It is concluded that the physicochemical composition of milk is similar between llamas and alpacas and that the agroecological zone influences the composition of milk in Huacaya alpacas.

A total of 478 fecal samples taken from healthy alpaca crias aged 1-90 days at Centro de Investigación y Producción (CIP - La Raya), Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, were processed by the sedimentation and flotation technique in saturated sugar solution to detect oocysts and by the McMaster method to determine oocysts per gram (OPG) of fecal sample. Eimeria spp were present in 418 (87.5%) of the samples with a mean of 24,017 OPG (CI of 7,534 and range 50-1,202,400). The most frequent species were E. lamae (60.4%), E. macusaniensis (50.4%), E. alpacae (45.6%), E. punoensis (30%), and E. ivitaensis (6.24%). Parasite load increased with age, 50% of 24 samples at 1-30 days were positive with an average load of 17,216 OPG, at 31-45 days 93% of 82 (28,501 OPG), at 46-60 days 85% of 144 (34,731 OPG), at 61-75 days 94% of 183 (6,564 OPG) and at 76-90 days 80% of 45 with 17,376 OPG. E....

Se analizaron 478 muestras fecales de crías (1-90 días de edad), aparentemente saludables, en el Centro de Investigación y Producción (CIP - La Raya) de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno. Las muestras fueron procesadas mediante la técnica de sedimentación y flotación (solución saturada de azúcar) buscando ooquistes y por el método de McMaster para determinar la carga parasitaria (ooquistes por gramo de heces- OPGH). En 418/478 (87.5%) de las muestras se detectaron ooquistes de Eimeria spp (24,017 OPGH, IC 7,534; rango: 50-1´202,400), preferentemente E. lamae (60.4%), E. macusaniensis (50.4%), E. alpacae (45.6%), E. punoensis (30%) y E. ivitaensis (6.24%). La infección parasitaria se incrementó con la edad. Inicialmente se encontró en el 50% de 24 muestras de 1-30 días de edad (17,216 OPGH), y luego de 93% de 82 crías de 31-45 días (28,501 OPGH), 85% de 144 crí...