Were obtained dried calcium alginate beads of 1 mm diameter. The optimum pH for the biosorption of Cu (II) is between 4.5 and 5. The study of the kinetics of biosorption was determined that the thermodynamic equilibrium is reached after 24 h. The data fit very well with the Langmuir model, and shows that the maximum biosorption is Qmax = 80.6 mg / g.

The adsorbent capacity of biomasses pre-treated has been evaluated, containing pectin and alginate. The orange shells and lemon and the nopal palmets were dried and crushed, before being treated with NaOH to produce the demetoxilation of the pectin. For the reticulation of the polysaccharides they become agitated the biopolymers with a solution 0,2 M of CaCl2, improving their mechanical stability. The good pH in the process of biosorption of the Cu (II) it was in the range from 4 to 4.5. The capacity of biosorption of these biomasses was evaluated in assays type batch. The biosorption isotherms are described by the models of Langmuir, being obtained a maximum capacity of adsorption of 68,97 mg/g and equilibrium constant of 0,093.

It has been obtained bead of calcium alginate with micro-particles of algae Macrosystis Pyrifera. The optimum pH for adsorption of Cu(II) lie between 4,5 and 5. From the study of the kinetics of adsorption was determined that the equilibrium was reached after 400 min. The adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir model and showed the maximum adsorption capacity qmax= 14,04 mg/g.

Were obtained dried calcium alginate beads of 1 mm diameter. The optimum pH for the biosorption of Cu (II) is between 4.5 and 5. The study of the kinetics of biosorption was determined that the thermodynamic equilibrium is reached after 24 h. The data fit very well with the Langmuir model, and shows that the maximum biosorption is Qmax = 80.6 mg / g.

The adsorbent capacity of biomasses pre-treated has been evaluated, containing pectin and alginate. The orange shells and lemon and the nopal palmets were dried and crushed, before being treated with NaOH to produce the demetoxilation of the pectin. For the reticulation of the polysaccharides they become agitated the biopolymers with a solution 0,2 M of CaCl2, improving their mechanical stability. The good pH in the process of biosorption of the Cu (II) it was in the range from 4 to 4.5. The capacity of biosorption of these biomasses was evaluated in assays type batch. The biosorption isotherms are described by the models of Langmuir, being obtained a maximum capacity of adsorption of 68,97 mg/g and equilibrium constant of 0,093.

It has been obtained bead of calcium alginate with micro-particles of algae Macrosystis Pyrifera. The optimum pH for adsorption of Cu(II) lie between 4,5 and 5. From the study of the kinetics of adsorption was determined that the equilibrium was reached after 400 min. The adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir model and showed the maximum adsorption capacity qmax= 14,04 mg/g.

Se ha investigado las propiedades de biosorción de la cáscara de naranja modificada. El pH óptimo para la biosorción del Pb2+ se encuentra entre 4,5 y 5,0. Del estudio de la cinética del proceso de biosorción se determinó que el equilibrio se alcanzó a las 4 horas. Las isotermas de biosorción se ajustan muy bien con los modelos de Langmuir y Freundlich. La máxima capacidad de biosorción del Pb (11) es qmax = 141 mg/g.

Se ha investigado las propiedades de biosorción de la cáscara de naranja modificada. El pH óptimo para la biosorción del Pb2+ se encuentra entre 4,5 y 5,0. Del estudio de la cinética del proceso de biosorción se determinó que el equilibrio se alcanzó a las 4 horas. Las isotermas de biosorción se ajustan muy bien con los modelos de Langmuir y Freundlich. La máxima capacidad de biosorción del Pb (11) es qmax = 141 mg/g.

With electrochemical, weight loss tests and superticial analysis with near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and scan electronic microscopy (SEM), were selectivity at 5-aminotetrazol with 90.4 % of efficiency to aluminium and 90.8 % of efficiency to copper and the cupferron for steal with 87.8 % of efficiency such as corrosion inhibitor for synthetic sea water.

The adsorption of Cu (II) has been investigated for treated biomasses of orange shells, lemon shells and nopal, which contain pectin in its composition. The dry and crushed biomass was treated with NaOH, which produces the desmetoxilation of the pectin, later was treated with a solution 0,2 M of CaCl2, which allows improving the mechanical stability of the biomasses. The good pH in the process of bioadsorción of the Cu (II) was in the range of 4 - 4,5. The capacity biosorption these biomasses is evaluated in batch. The biosorption isotherms are described by the models of Langmuir and Freundlich. According to the pattern of Langmuir, the maximum capacities of adsorption (qmáx) of the treated biomasses were: shell of orange 36,23 mg/g, lemon 46,95 mg/g and nopal 44,25 mg/g.

The biosorption of Co(II) has been investigated using the brown seaweed Macrosystis pyfera, which contains principally algínate in its composition. The dry seaweed was crushed up to obtain three sizes of particle: less than 180, 180-250 y 250-500 µm, later was treated with a solution of 0.2 M of CaCl2 and was placed in a shaker for 24 hours at 150 rpm. The optimum pH of the process of biosorption was 5. The analysis was determinated by llame Atomic Absorption spectroscopy. The biosorption isotherms are described by Langmuir and Freundlich models. According to the pattern of Langmuir,the maximum capacities of biosorption qmax were: 47.85; 44.36 y 40 .16 mg/g for each size of particle respectively.

With electrochemical, weight loss tests and superticial analysis with near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and scan electronic microscopy (SEM), were selectivity at 5-aminotetrazol with 90.4 % of efficiency to aluminium and 90.8 % of efficiency to copper and the cupferron for steal with 87.8 % of efficiency such as corrosion inhibitor for synthetic sea water.

Se ha investigado la adsorción de Cu (II) por biomasas tratadas de cáscaras de naranja, limón y nopal, las cuales contienen pectina en su composición. La biomasa seca y triturada fue tratada con NaOH, para producir la desmetoxilación de la pectina, posteriormente se trató con una solución 0,2 M de CaCl2, lo cual permite mejorar la estabilidad mecánica de las biomasas. El pH óptimo en el proceso de bioadsorción del Cu (II) se encontró en el rango de 4 - 4,5. La capacidad biosorción de estas biomasas se evalúa en ensayos de batch. Las isotermas de biosorción se describen por los modelos de Langmuir y Freundlich. De acuerdo al modelo de Langmuir, las capacidades máximas de adsorción (qmáx) de las biomasas tratadas fueron: cáscara de naranja 36,23 mg/g, limón 46,95 mg/g y nopal 44,25 mg/g.

Se ha investigado la bioadsorción del ión Co(II) por el alga marina parda Macrosystis pyrifera, la cual contiene alginato en su composición. La biomasa seca se trituró hasta alcanzar tres tamaños de partícula: menor 180, 180-250 y 250-500 µm., seguidamente las muestras se trataron con una solución 0,2 M de CaCl • La mezcla obtenida se coloca en un agitador magnético a 150 rpm durante 24 horas. El pH2 optimo obtenido en el proceso de biosorción es 5. Elanálisis se realizó por Espectrometría de Absorción Atómica a la llama. Las isotermas experimentales se describen por los modelos de Langmuir y Freundlich. De acuerdo al modelo de Langmuir, la capacidad máxima de adsorción qmax son: 47.85; 44.36 y 40.16 mg/g para cada tamaño de partícula respectivamente.

Copper (11) adsorption properties of pre-treated biomass of marina algae Grateloupia doryophora (Rhodophyta) were investigated. The native biomass was treated with 0.2 M CaCl2, solution for 24 h under slow stirring. The solution pH was kept constant at pH = 5.0 using 0.1 M NaOH. The treated biomass was dried in an oven at 40ºC for 24 h. The adsorption capacity of the biomass strongly depends on equilibrium solution pH. At solution pH between 4 and 4,5 were observed the maximum adsorptive capacity of the pre-treated biomass.

Copper (11) adsorption properties of pre-treated biomass of marina algae Grateloupia doryophora (Rhodophyta) were investigated. The native biomass was treated with 0.2 M CaCl2, solution for 24 h under slow stirring. The solution pH was kept constant at pH = 5.0 using 0.1 M NaOH. The treated biomass was dried in an oven at 40ºC for 24 h. The adsorption capacity of the biomass strongly depends on equilibrium solution pH. At solution pH between 4 and 4,5 were observed the maximum adsorptive capacity of the pre-treated biomass.