La ciudad de Huancayo, ubicada en los Andes centrales del Perú, presenta problemas de calidad del aire, siendo el principal contaminante el material particulado (MP). Por ello, el objetivo del presente artículo fue caracterizar la composición química del MP atmosférico colectados en una estación ubicada en el centro urbano de Huancayo. Se colectó MP en agosto del 2007, y enero, abril y mayo del 2008 con un equipo de bajo volumen (PARTISOL FRM 2000) y filtros de 47 mm. Se determinó la concentración de partículas de tamaño hasta 10 µm (MP10), partículas menores a 2,5 µm (MP2,5) y se analizó la composición química de hasta 38 elementos, mediante la técnica de fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF). Y en el caso del MP2.5 se analizó los iones: nitrato (NO3 - ) y sulfato (SO4 = ) y especies carbonáceas: carbono orgánico (COrg) y carbono elemental (CE). Los resultados de MP10 (64,...

La investigación ha tenido el objetivo de determinar la relación que existe entre el tratamiento jurídico de los operadores de justicia y las víctimas del delito de violación sexual en el Distrito Judicial de Huánuco, hipótesis, existe una relación significativa entre el tratamiento jurídico de los operadores de justicia y las víctimas del delito de violación sexual en el Distrito Judicial de Huánuco, el tipo básica y el nivel descriptivo- explicativo, diseño no experimental, la población-muestra, representado por 86 operadores de justicia, técnicas, el análisis documental, el fichaje y las encuestas, los resultados nos indican que, los operadores de justicia nos indican que, la Policía Nacional, a veces puede recepcionar las denuncias de las víctimas del delito de violación sexual y realizar las investigaciones de las denuncias penales por éste delito, no brinda apo...

Ultraviolet (UV) solar irradiance measurements performed in the central Andes, Huancayo, Peru (12.0°S, 75.3°W, 3313 m asl) at 1 min intervals between January 2003 and December 2006 were used to analyse daily, monthly, and annual cycles of UV solar irradiance. The measurements were performed using a GUV-511 multi-channel filter radiometer at four wavelengths: 305, 320, 340, and 380 nm. UV irradiance data under clear sky and all sky conditions were separated using a procedure based on calculation of normalized irradiance. In February, the highest hourly mean value at noon for the UV Index reached 18.8 for clear sky conditions and 15.5 for all sky conditions, with outlier peaks close to UVI = 28. In addition, the highest mean value for the daily erythemal dose was found also in February, reaching 7.5 kJ m−2 d−1 with a maximum outlier value close to 10.1 kJ m−2 d−1. Comparisons bet...

Huancayo is a city located at Peruvian Central Andes and presents air pollution problems related to particulate matter (PM), especially fine fraction (PM2.5). Given the high costs of air quality monitoring network infrastructure and the need for more detailed information, the objective of the study is to evaluate the temporal variation and source zones of PM2.5 through the use of low-cost sensors installed at three sites in the city of Huancayo. PurpleAir PA-II model PMS5003 sensors were employed from August 2018 to June 2019. The dataset was subjected to statistical tests to evaluate temporal changes. Backtrajectories were calculated through the HYSPLIT model for source zone identification. The results show reasonable agreement with other reference monitoring. The importance of the use of low-cost sensors in the establishment of an air quality monitoring network in high Andean areas is ...

Huancayo is a city located at Peruvian Central Andes and presents air pollution problems related to particulate matter (PM), especially fine fraction (PM2.5). Given the high costs of air quality monitoring network infrastructure and the need for more detailed information, the objective of the study is to evaluate the temporal variation and source zones of PM2.5 through the use of low-cost sensors installed at three sites in the city of Huancayo. PurpleAir PA-II model PMS5003 sensors were employed from August 2018 to June 2019. The dataset was subjected to statistical tests to evaluate temporal changes. Backtrajectories were calculated through the HYSPLIT model for source zone identification. The results show reasonable agreement with other reference monitoring. The importance of the use of low-cost sensors in the establishment of an air quality monitoring network in high Andean areas is ...

Huancayo is a city located at Peruvian Central Andes and presents air pollution problems related to particulate matter (PM), especially fine fraction (PM2.5). Given the high costs of air quality monitoring network infrastructure and the need for more detailed information, the objective of the study is to evaluate the temporal variation and source zones of PM2.5 through the use of low-cost sensors installed at three sites in the city of Huancayo. PurpleAir PA-II model PMS5003 sensors were employed from August 2018 to June 2019. The dataset was subjected to statistical tests to evaluate temporal changes. Backtrajectories were calculated through the HYSPLIT model for source zone identification. The results show reasonable agreement with other reference monitoring. The importance of the use of low-cost sensors in the establishment of an air quality monitoring network in high Andean areas is ...

Direct sun measurements with a CIMEL sunphotometer belonging to the AERONET network have been performed in the Huancayo Observatory, Peru, from March 2015 to August 2017, two and a half years, providing for the first time information about aerosols in the specific area. The prevalence of background conditions in the measurement site has been determined for the period of study. These conditions, which constitute more than 80% of cases, are occasionally altered, mainly by high aerosols loading, as a consequence of biomass-burning events. Biomass-burning periods cover every year from mid-July to mid-October. The identification of these periods has been possible through the classification of aerosols in 6 subtypes. The month with the maximum AOD monthly average is September, and in 2016, the absolute maximum value of 0.91 was registered. The mean AOD value for the study period is 0.10 ±0.07...

The effect of organic fertilization on soil bacterial populations in potato and corn crops during the crop season 2008-2009 at four sites in the Mantaro Valley locations: INIA Santa Ana (Huancayo), the EEA El Mantaro (Jauja), Vista Alegre and Huayao (both in Chupaca). In these places were set up experimental plots of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Canchan) and corn (Zea maize L. Var. Cusco enhanced) under organic manure (cattle, sheep, guinea pig), chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer at all (control) . To do this we used the techniques of electrophoresis Denaturing Gradient Gel (DGGE) with amplification of the region from 968 to 1401 of 16S rDNA. The results show that the variability of bacterial populations in soil is directly affected by crop type but not by the type of fertilization and the effect of the latter is variable for each experimental area and culture found only in the ...

Se determinó el efecto de la fertilización orgánica sobre las poblaciones bacterianas del suelo en cultivos de papa y maíz durante la campaña agrícola 2008-2009 en terrenos de cuatro localidades del Valle del Mantaro: INIA Santa Ana (Huancayo), en la EEA El Mantaro (Jauja), Vista Alegre y Huayao (ambos en Chupaca). En estos lugares se instalaron parcelas experimentales de papa (Solanum tuberosum L. Var. Canchan) y maíz (Zea maíz L. Var. Cusco mejorado) bajo abonamiento orgánico (vacuno, ovino, cuy), fertilización química y sin fertilización alguna (testigo). Para dicho efecto se empleó las técnicas de la Electroforesis en Gel de Gradiente Desnaturalizante (DGGE) con amplificación de la región 968 – 1401 del rDNA 16S. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la variabilidad de las poblaciones bacterianas en los suelos está afectado directamente por el tipo de cultivo mas n...

La rápida urbanización de las ciudades está cambiando el clima local, lo que genera altas temperaturas y entornos urbanos densos y difíciles, carentes de agua y vegetación[1]. La presente contribución estima la intensidad de Isla de Calor Urbano Superficial (ICUS) durante el periodo 2001 – 2022 para el área metropolitana de Huancayo (AMH), Perú. Se cuantificó la formación de la Isla de Calor Urbano Superficial, a partir de 2 métodos: el primero es el método de Streutker, el cual ajusta la temperatura superficial del suelo (LST) (superficie urbana y rural) a una superficie Gaussiana. El segundo, método de cuantil propuesto por José Flores, usa la diferencia entre el cuantil 0.95 de LST del área urbana y la mediana del LST del área rural. Ambos métodos usan data de sensoramiento remoto de LST a 0.050 de resolución, obtenido del sensor MODIS a bordo del satélite TERRA y...

This work presents results of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Direct Radiative Force (DRF) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), obtained during monitoring campaigns carried out at the Huancayo Observatory of the Geophysical Institute of Peru (OH-IGP ) in April and August 2022. In these campaigns, a Sun CIMEL photometer was used to measure the microphysical and optical properties of aerosols at wavelengths ranging from 340 to 1020 nm, and a low-cost Purple-air sensor to quantify the concentration of material particulate (PM), in fine and coarse modes. The AOD results indicated values in the range 0.06-0.22. The daily averages of PM2.5 and PM10 did not exceed Peru’s current Environmental Quality Standards (50 μg/m3 and 100 μg/m3). The air quality index (AQI) calculated for PM2.5 and PM10 was classified as good. On some days during the campaigns, the air quality was classified as moderat...

We describe the results of the study of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Direct Radiative Forcing (DRF) in Top Of Atmosphere (TOA), obtained from the measurement and monitoring campaign carried out during the XXI Antarctic Peruvian Expedition in the months of January and February 2013 and in the Metropolitan Huancayo Area in the months of June and July 2019. In the Scientific Peruvian Station at Antarctic “Machu Picchu” our used a SP02-L sun photometer, which is within the instrumental framework of the International Polar Year. This instrument has 4 channels: 412 nm, 500 nm, 675 nm and 862 nm, thus allowing direct radiation spectra measurements. And in the MHA we used the BF5 sensor. This instrument measured Direct, Diffuse and Global Radiation in low wavelength. The results calculated of AOD in polar latitudes varied between 0.0646 to 0.1061, in relation to AOD in MHA, presents the v...