The El Niño 1992-93 phenomena incremented the number of matures males and females, and induced the spawning of Tagelus dombeii, due to the rise of the sea water temperature. The sex proportion was 1.2:1.0, (female:male). In the accelerated gametogenesis, we differentiated : oogonias and oocytes (previtelogenesis), ovocytes I (primary vitelogenesis) and ovocytes II (secondary vitelogenesis). The maturity scale, with high percentage of matures specimens and in spawning, and scarce immaturity and in development, were classificated in : non differentiated, immaturity, mature and spawn.

El fenómeno El Niño 1992-93, indujo un incremento en la cantidad de ejemplares maduros y en desove de gametos de Tagelus dombeii, debido al aumento de la temperatura superficial del mar. La proporción de sexos fue de 1,2:1,0 a favor de las hembras. En la gametogénesis acelerada, sediferenció: ovogonias y ovocitos (en previtelogénesis) ovocitos I (en vitelogénesis primario) y ovocitos II (en vitelogénesis secundario). La escala de madurez gonadal, con altos porcentajes de ejemplares maduros y en desove ve, y pocos inmaduros y en desarrollo, se clasificó en: Indiferenciados, inmaduros, en desarrollo, maduros y desovados.

Monthly random samplings (n = 25) were taken from May 1995 to April 1996 in Matarani port, Arequipa (10°59'40" South and 72° 06'13" West). They were shown to be gonochoric and to have sexual dimorphism (the male has an arm for copulation). The sex proportion was 2,1:1,0 (male: female); eight stages of the oocyte development were also found during oogenesis. According to their reproductive behavior, the following maturity gonadic scale was established: a) undifferentiated, b) immature, c) maturation beginning, d) developing, e) mature, f) copula, g) postcopula, autofecundation and evacuation, h) postevacuation. Mature females were preferentially found in spring and summer; mature males at the end of the spring and summer; copulation occurred during summer; autofecundation and evacuationof the eggs were evident in August (50%), October (50%), November (71,4%), December (33%) and January ...

Monthly random samplings (n = 25) were taken from May 1995 to April 1996 in Matarani port, Arequipa (10°59'40" South and 72° 06'13" West). They were shown to be gonochoric and to have sexual dimorphism (the male has an arm for copulation). The sex proportion was 2,1:1,0 (male: female); eight stages of the oocyte development were also found during oogenesis. According to their reproductive behavior, the following maturity gonadic scale was established: a) undifferentiated, b) immature, c) maturation beginning, d) developing, e) mature, f) copula, g) postcopula, autofecundation and evacuation, h) postevacuation. Mature females were preferentially found in spring and summer; mature males at the end of the spring and summer; copulation occurred during summer; autofecundation and evacuationof the eggs were evident in August (50%), October (50%), November (71,4%), December (33%) and January ...

Briarosaccus callosus (Boschma, 1930) causa castración y reduce la velocidad de crecimiento de Paralomis longipes Faxon, 1893, “centolla”, crustáceo con un gran potencial económico el Perú. Se procesó el pedículo de la bolsa ovígera (externa) mediante técnicas histológicas con el propósito de caracterizar dicha estructura. Se estableció que estaba constituida por una cutícula fibrilar externa fuertemente eosinófila (107,8 μm) y una interna menos eosinófila (60,5 μm), a menudo con ornamentaciones basófilas. Se discute la conformación de dicho pedículo en función a la relación con el huésped y las implicancias con el ciclo reproductivo de la centolla.

Primordial germ cells (PGC`s) are transplanted to testicle of other individual of the same species, they colonize the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, seeking a niche to differentiate into sperm. Our objective was to evaluate the intraluminal colonization of a suspension of cells in the inner cell mass (IMC`s) of blastocysts obtained from mice, using a novel technique. It was transplanted a suspension of ICM by mean of inmunosurgery into the rete testis of recipient animals which were previously treated with cyclophosphamide to reduce their own spermatogenesis. We confirmed the presence of intraluminal minitubules in 2 of 100 seminiferous tubules, demonstrating that transplantation of a suspension of cells from the inner cell mass can colonize the seminiferous tubules and also maintain a synchronously xenogenic spermatogenesis with the receiver.

The present work provides morphological and histological information of the testicles and spermatozoon of 5 specimens of the Peruvian small lizard Microlophus peruvianus (Lesson, 1826), from Huaral, Lima (11º 26´S; 77º24´W); collected during September, 2005. The fieldwork was combined with the gonads analysis at the laboratory. The snout-sewer length average was 91,3mm ± 13.655; all specimens deals a great spermatogenic meiotic activity showing a germinative epithelium thickness of 126.33 mμ ± 0.092, which suggests that the month of collect would be within its active cycle of reproduction. The spermatogenic cells present the typical cellular types of the spermatogenesis: spermatogonias (3.544 mμ ± 0.4513), primary espermatocitos (4.864 mμ ± 0.5292), spermatids (2.85 mμ ± 0.4071); No secondary spermatocytes where founded. The morphology and biometry of the spermatozoon of M. ...

The presence of Hepatozoon caimani in a population of Caiman crocodilus in a zoo located in Lima, Peru was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 10 specimens of both sexes and various ages. The animals were clinically healthy and kept in captivity at the “Parque Zoológico de Huachipa”. Three blood smears were prepared per animal and stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa 2%. Intraerythrocitic haemoparasites of the genus Hepatozoon were identified and due to the morphological aspect they were considered to be H. caimani.

Se evaluó la posible ocurrencia de Hepatozoon caimani en una población de “caimán blanco” Caiman crocodilus en un zoológico de Lima, Perú. Se colectó muestras de sangre periférica de 10 especímenes de ambos sexos y de diversas edades, clínicamente sanos y mantenidos en cautiverio en el Parque Zoológico Huachipa. Se obtuvo tres frotices de sangre por animal y fueron teñidos con May-Grunwald-Giemsa 2%. Se identificó la presencia de hemoparásitos intraeritrocitarios del género Hepatozoon, determinándose por sus aspectos morfológicos que los gamontes corresponden a H. caimani.

Cuando las células germinales primordiales (CGPs) son trasplantadas al testículo de otro individuo de la misma especie; colonizan el lumen de los túbulos seminíferos, buscando su nicho para diferenciarse en espermatozoides. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la colonización intraluminal de una suspensión de células de la masa celular interna (MCI) obtenidas de blastocistos de ratones. Una suspensión de MCI obtenidos mediante una inmunocirugía en la red testicular de animales tratados previamente con ciclofosfamida para disminuir su propia espermatogénesis fueron trasladados a animales receptores. Se comprobó la presencia de minitúbulos intraluminales en 2 de 100 túbulos seminíferos, lo que demuestra que el trasplante de una suspensión de células de la masa celular interna pueden colonizar los túbulos seminíferos y además mantener una espermatogénesis xenogénica de manera s...

The present work provides morphological and histological information of the testicles and spermatozoon of 5 specimens of the Peruvian small lizard Microlophus peruvianus (Lesson, 1826), from Huaral, Lima (11º 26´S; 77º24´W); collected during September, 2005. The fieldwork was combined with the gonads analysis at the laboratory. The snout-sewer length average was 91,3mm ± 13.655; all specimens deals a great spermatogenic meiotic activity showing a germinative epithelium thickness of 126.33 mμ ± 0.092, which suggests that the month of collect would be within its active cycle of reproduction. The spermatogenic cells present the typical cellular types of the spermatogenesis: spermatogonias (3.544 mμ ± 0.4513), primary espermatocitos (4.864 mμ ± 0.5292), spermatids (2.85 mμ ± 0.4071); No secondary spermatocytes where founded. The morphology and biometry of the spermatozoon of M. ...

p. 163-172

This work describes the standardization of Micronucleus Assay (MN) and Comet Assay techniques used for the evaluation of the DNA damage on marine bivalves. These techniques are important because they can evaluate the early stress response caused by pollutant agents and environmental changes. Branchial tissues of Semimytilus algosus and Aulacomya ater were used for in vivo and in vitro treatments. Tissues were exposed to the mutagenetic agents Mitomicine C in concentrations of 0,02; 0,04 and 0,06 x 10-6 M and H2 O2 in concentration of 100 μM evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h. Different solutions for the tissue collection and cell isolation were evaluated, obtaining more cell viability with cold CMFS pH 7,3 saline solution. Micronucleus Assay were modified in the obtaining of suspension cell, we used 0,9% Sodium citrate hipotonic solution, fixation in methanol for seconds after the spread...

This work describes the standardization of Micronucleus Assay (MN) and Comet Assay techniques used for the evaluation of the DNA damage on marine bivalves. These techniques are important because they can evaluate the early stress response caused by pollutant agents and environmental changes. Branchial tissues of Semimytilus algosus and Aulacomya ater were used for in vivo and in vitro treatments. Tissues were exposed to the mutagenetic agents Mitomicine C in concentrations of 0,02; 0,04 and 0,06 x 10-6 M and H2 O2 in concentration of 100 μM evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h. Different solutions for the tissue collection and cell isolation were evaluated, obtaining more cell viability with cold CMFS pH 7,3 saline solution. Micronucleus Assay were modified in the obtaining of suspension cell, we used 0,9% Sodium citrate hipotonic solution, fixation in methanol for seconds after the spread...

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent commonly used as antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drug. The use of CP in the treatment of cancer is limited due to its severe toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine theeffectof a single dose of CP (220 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally administered after 7 days,on sperm parameter and male germinal epithelium in mice. We used C57BL mature male mice divided into 2 groups (n= 10); Control Group (C): 0.9% and NaCl Treatment group (T): CP to 220 mg/kg cw in single dose. After 8 days all the mice were euthanized. The weight of the body and reproductive organs: testis, epididymis and vas deferens, were registered. Concentration, motility and sperm morphology and testicular histology were evaluated. Significant differences were found in body weight (student t-test p<0.05) (T: 20.18±1.9 g vs C: 23.35±1.2 g; testicular weight (T: 59.71±5...

Maytenus macrocarpa(chuchuhuasi) is native tree of the Peruvian Amazon used as traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases, but its effect on the male reproductive system has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study is evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of M. macrocarpa in daily doses for 7 days on reproductive parameters of male mice. We used C57BL mature male mice divided into 2 groups (n= 10), Control Group (C): 0.9% NaCl and Treatment group (T): Aqueous extract of Chuchuhuasi, both supplied daily via oral gavages. At the eight day of treatment the mice were euthanized. The weight of the body and reproductive organs: testis, epididymis and vas deferens, were registered. Concentration, motility and sperm morphology were evaluated. The results showed significantly differences (t- Student test P<0.05) in the weight of the head and body epididymis (C: 19.25±1.1 v...

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent commonly used as antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drug. The use of CP in the treatment of cancer is limited due to its severe toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine theeffectof a single dose of CP (220 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally administered after 7 days,on sperm parameter and male germinal epithelium in mice. We used C57BL mature male mice divided into 2 groups (n= 10); Control Group (C): 0.9% and NaCl Treatment group (T): CP to 220 mg/kg cw in single dose. After 8 days all the mice were euthanized. The weight of the body and reproductive organs: testis, epididymis and vas deferens, were registered. Concentration, motility and sperm morphology and testicular histology were evaluated. Significant differences were found in body weight (student t-test p<0.05) (T: 20.18±1.9 g vs C: 23.35±1.2 g; testicular weight (T: 59.71±5...

Maytenus macrocarpa(chuchuhuasi) is native tree of the Peruvian Amazon used as traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases, but its effect on the male reproductive system has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study is evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of M. macrocarpa in daily doses for 7 days on reproductive parameters of male mice. We used C57BL mature male mice divided into 2 groups (n= 10), Control Group (C): 0.9% NaCl and Treatment group (T): Aqueous extract of Chuchuhuasi, both supplied daily via oral gavages. At the eight day of treatment the mice were euthanized. The weight of the body and reproductive organs: testis, epididymis and vas deferens, were registered. Concentration, motility and sperm morphology were evaluated. The results showed significantly differences (t- Student test P<0.05) in the weight of the head and body epididymis (C: 19.25±1.1 v...

It was evaluated in vivo the cytoprotective capacity of the fruit of Myrciaria dubia H.B.K. MC VAUGH "Camu- camu (Myrtacea) against mutagenic damage caused by potassium bromate (68.5 mg/k) on three mouse cell lines (liver, kidney and blood cells). Mice (n = 120) were divided into three groups which drank ad libitum: distilled water; TI (negative control) and TIII (positive control), the TII group (positive control) drank the aque- ous extract (2 %) of the fruit of Camu-camu. After ten days, only the TII and TIII groups were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of KBr03(68.5 mg/k). The camu-camu treatment lasted 35 days more, where they were euthanized to determine the frequency of DNA damage by means of the alkaline comet assay protocol. It was observed in all cell lines a cytoprotective effect of camu-camu (p<0.05) with respect with the negative control. The DNA-damaging eff...

Se evaluó in vivo la capacidad citoprotectora del fruto de Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh Camu-camu frente al daño mutagénico producido por bromato de potasio (68,5 mg/k) sobre tres líneas celulares de ratón (hígado, riñón y células sanguíneas). Se utilizó ratones (n= 120) divididos en tres grupos los cuales bebieron ad libitum: TI= control negativo (solo agua) y el grupo TIII (control positivo); El grupo TII bebió el extracto acuoso (2% p/v) del fruto de camu-camu. A los diez días se inyectó una dosis única de KBr03 (68,5 mg/kg peso corporal) vía intraperitoneal, a los grupos TII y TIII. El tratamiento con camu-camu continuo 35 días más, luego los ratones fueron eutanizados para determinar la frecuencia del daño al DNA mediante el protocolo del ensayo cometa alcalino. El grupo TII mostró en todas las líneas celulares el efecto citoprotector del camu-camu (p< 0,0...