Aborda el tema de los sistemas de sanciones por incumplimiento en materia económica en el ámbito internacional, mediante un estudio comparado de los sistemas de la Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC), el Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) y la Unión Europea, para finalmente dilucidar un sistema de sanciones adecuado para la Comunidad Andina (CAN).

The purpose of this article is to address, from the point of view of regional integration, some of the problems emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic with the aim of imagining a new path or route to follow. To this end, within the framework of the Andean Community (CAN), we recall the specific objectives and main functions of the Andean Health Organization (ORASCONHU). In addition, we focus on the access to health of Andean citizens in the light of the Andean Community Law, analyzing the figure of compulsory licensing of invention patents as a possible response to the COVID-19 pandemic. 

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One of the most important issues in Andean Community administrative law concerns the extension of the locus standi to request preliminary rulings from the Court of Justice of the Andean Community (TJCA). In fact, the TJCA has interpreted the concept of “national judge” in a broad and generous manner, including the administrative bodies of the Member States, as well as arbitrators. Thus, the research problem revolves around what is understood by “national judge” in the light of Andean Community Law and the object and purpose of the mechanism of preliminary rulings. The main hypothesis is that administrative bodies and arbitrators are, in fact, “community judges” because they collaborate in the interpretation and uniform application of community law. In this sense, this paper will analyze the preliminary ruling interpretation as one of the most important vehicles to guarantee t...

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo el estudio de la evolución jurisprudencial del Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina (TJCA) en relación con el ámbito de protección territorial del nombre comercial: desde la jurisprudencia primigenia de la década de 1990 hasta la jurisprudencia actual, la cual retorna a la posición inicial del TJCA. Actualmente, la jurisprudencia andina precisa que la protección del nombre comercial (no registrado) debe tomar en cuenta “la amplitud de las operaciones” y el “ámbito geográfico” de su uso (Procesos 42-IP-2017 y 317-IP-2017). La metodología de investigación utilizada incluye los aspectos normativo, jurisprudencial y doctrinal, lo cual apoya la decisión del TJCA de modificar la posición —equivocada, por cierto— que se había establecido en el Proceso 99-IP-2014 (“el nombre comercial debe ser protegido en todo el t...

Uno de los temas de mayor trascendencia en el Derecho Administrativo comunitario andino está referido a la ampliación de la legitimidad activa para solicitar interpretaciones prejudiciales al Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina (TJCA). De hecho, el TJCA ha interpretado de manera amplia y generosa el concepto de “juez nacional”, incluyendo a los órganos administrativos de los Estados miembros, así como a los árbitros. De tal manera que, el problema de investigación gira en torno a qué se entiende por “juez nacional” a la luz del Derecho comunitario andino y el objeto y fin del mecanismo de la interpretación prejudicial. La hipótesis principal consiste en que, tanto los órganos administrativos como los árbitros son, en los hechos, “jueces comunitarios” por colaborar en la interpretación y la aplicación uniforme del Derecho comunitario. En ese sentido, en el...

One of the most important issues in Andean Community administrative law concerns the extension of the locus standi to request preliminary rulings from the Court of Justice of the Andean Community (TJCA). In fact, the TJCA has interpreted the concept of “national judge” in a broad and generous manner, including the administrative bodies of the Member States, as well as arbitrators. Thus, the research problem revolves around what is understood by “national judge” in the light of Andean Community Law and the object and purpose of the mechanism of preliminary rulings. The main hypothesis is that administrative bodies and arbitrators are, in fact, “community judges” because they collaborate in the interpretation and uniform application of community law. In this sense, this paper will analyze the preliminary ruling interpretation as one of the most important vehicles to guarantee t...

The global pandemic crisis has created a valuable opportunity to promote green recovery policies at the level of regional integration blocks that are tightly aligned to climate policies, including carbon pricing. The European Union’s Green Deal is an example. We propose that the Andean Community (CAN, by its acronym in Spanish) follows that example by establishing carbon pricing policies in its community law framework, adapting it to its level of regional integration and to the needs of its member countries. We suggest five ideas of carbon pricing policies that Andean countries could adopt within the CAN: phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies, regulating a border-adjustment carbon tax, creating a regional carbon tax, defining a reference social carbon price, and establishing a regional carbon market. To achieve them, the Andean Community can choose between establishing community legisla...

The global pandemic crisis has created a valuable opportunity to promote green recovery policies at the level of regional integration blocks that are tightly aligned to climate policies, including carbon pricing. The European Union’s Green Deal is an example. We propose that the Andean Community (CAN, by its acronym in Spanish) follows that example by establishing carbon pricing policies in its community law framework, adapting it to its level of regional integration and to the needs of its member countries. We suggest five ideas of carbon pricing policies that Andean countries could adopt within the CAN: phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies, regulating a border-adjustment carbon tax, creating a regional carbon tax, defining a reference social carbon price, and establishing a regional carbon market. To achieve them, the Andean Community can choose between establishing community legisla...

The global pandemic crisis has created a valuable opportunity to promote green recovery policies at the level of regional integration blocks that are tightly aligned to climate policies, including carbon pricing. The European Union’s Green Deal is an example. We propose that the Andean Community (CAN, by its acronym in Spanish) follows that example by establishing carbon pricing policies in its community law framework, adapting it to its level of regional integration and to the needs of its member countries. We suggest five ideas of carbon pricing policies that Andean countries could adopt within the CAN: phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies, regulating a border-adjustment carbon tax, creating a regional carbon tax, defining a reference social carbon price, and establishing a regional carbon market. To achieve them, the Andean Community can choose between establishing community legisla...

El curso de Derecho del Comercio Internacional es de la especialidad de Administración y Negocios Internacionales, de carácter teórico dirigido a los estudiantes del séptimo ciclo. Busca desarrollar la competencia general ciudadanía y la competencia específica de evaluación de oportunidades internacionales y está diseñado para despertar en el estudiante el interés por los compromisos asumidos por el Perú en el marco del Sistema Multilateral del Comercio y la Comunidad Andina, entre otros mecanismos de solución de controversias. El curso es sustancial para contrastar el sustrato regulatorio de los acuerdos comerciales internacionales desde una perspectiva analítica y práctica. El curso brindará herramientas teóricas y operativas para la aplicación de los mecanismos de solución de controversias en el comercio internacional afianzando las competencias adquiridas durante la...