The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of Salmonella sp by isolation techniques in pork carcasses intended for human consumption. Three hundred carcasses from two slaughterhouses in Lima, Peru were studied. Samples were taken by swabbing the skin of the head, abdomen, back and leg, representing 1200 subsamples. They were taken to the laboratory in Falcon tubes with buffered peptone water, and processed following the protocol for isolation of bacteria based on ISO 6579:2002. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests and specific antisera. In 6.3 ± 2.4% (19/300) of carcasses and 1.8% (21/1200) of subsamples were detected Salmonella sp. The highest frequencies of isolates were obtained from the head (33.3%, 7/21) and the abdomen (33.3%, 7/21). The isolates were serotyped and identified as Salmonella enterica subesp. enterica serotype Derby. The results confirm the need t...

The aim of this study was to characterize 20 strains of Salmonella enterica at molecular level and antimicrobial resistance. Of these, 15 strains were obtained from infected guinea pigs and five from clinically healthy guinea pigs from two intensive production centers located in Lima, Peru. The invA, prot6E and fliC genes corresponding to the genus Salmonella and serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium, respectively, were detected by a multiple PCR technique. Genetic variability was detected using the BOX-PCR technique using the first BOXA1R. Resistance was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer technique based on erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, streptomycin, penicillin, enrofloxacin, fosfomycin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, sulfatrimetoprim and ciprofloxacin. Serotype Typhimurium was determined in 100% of the isolates. The evaluation of the electrophoretic profiles obtained by the BOX-PCR tech...

The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of Salmonella sp by isolation techniques in pork carcasses intended for human consumption. Three hundred carcasses from two slaughterhouses in Lima, Peru were studied. Samples were taken by swabbing the skin of the head, abdomen, back and leg, representing 1200 subsamples. They were taken to the laboratory in Falcon tubes with buffered peptone water, and processed following the protocol for isolation of bacteria based on ISO 6579:2002. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests and specific antisera. In 6.3 ± 2.4% (19/300) of carcasses and 1.8% (21/1200) of subsamples were detected Salmonella sp. The highest frequencies of isolates were obtained from the head (33.3%, 7/21) and the abdomen (33.3%, 7/21). The isolates were serotyped and identified as Salmonella enterica subesp. enterica serotype Derby. The results confirm the need t...

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar 20 cepas de Salmonella enterica a nivel molecular y de resistencia antimicrobiana. De estas, 15 fueron obtenidas de cuyes infectados y cinco de cuyes clínicamente sanos, procedentes de dos centros de producción intensiva ubicados en Lima, Perú. Mediante una técnica de PCR múltiple se detectaron los genes invA, prot6E y fliC, correspondientes al género Salmonella y serovares Enteritidis y Typhimurium, respectivamente. Se detectó la variabilidad genética mediante la técnica BOX-PCR utilizando el primer BOXA1R. La resistencia fue evaluada utilizando la técnica de Kirby Bauer en base a eritromicina, nitrofurantoína, estreptomicina, penicilina, enrofloxacina, fosfomicina, amoxicilina con ácido clavulánico, sulfatrimetoprim y ciprofloxacina. Se determinó la serovariedad Typhimurium en el 100% de los aislados. La evaluación de los perfiles...

The aim of this study was to detect the presence of resistance profiles, ESBL (Extended Spectrum Betalactamases), AmpC (AmpC Betalactamases) and ACSSuT phenotype (resistance to oxytetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfatrimetropim, and chloramphenicol) in Salmonella enterica isolates by using the Kirby Bauer technique. Fifty isolates of Salmonella enterica identified according to ISO standard: 6579 (2002) were taken from the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the National University of San Marcos. Twenty antibiotics of relevance in human and veterinary medicine were used. The results showed that 96% (48/50) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The highest frequencies of resistance were presented to chloramphenicol (94%), tobramycin (72%) and oxytetracycline (49%). Low resistance was observed in aztreonam (5%), cephalosporins (2...

El objetivo del estudio fue detectar la presencia de perfiles de resistencia, BLEE (Betalactamasas de Espectro Extendido), AmpC (Betalactamasas AmpC) y fenotipo ACSSuT (resistencia a oxitetraciclina, ampicilina, estreptomicina, sulfatrimetropim y cloranfenicol) en aislados de Salmonella enterica mediante el uso de la técnica de Kirby Bauer. Se utilizaron 50 aislados de Salmonella enterica identificados según norma ISO: 6579 (2002) provenientes del cepario del Laboratorio de Microbiología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se trabajó con 20 antibióticos de relevancia en medicina humana y veterinaria. El 96% (48/50) de los aislados fueron resistentes a por lo menos un antibiótico. Las frecuencias más altas de resistencia se presentaron al cloranfenicol (94%), tobramicina (72%) y oxitetraciclina (49%). Se observaron porcentajes de r...

The aim of this study was to detect the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of 36 Escherichia coli isolates to beta-lactams, quinolones and aminoglycosides using the Kirby-Bauer technique. Thirty-six E. coli isolates from pigs of technified production farms obtained during the 2010-2015 period were used. Fifteen antimicrobials of importance in human and veterinary medicine were tested. The isolates showed resistance mainly to nalidixic acid (89%, 32/36), cloxacillin (83%, 30/36) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (69%, 25/36). Only 3% (1/36) were AmpC producers, 42% (15/36) showed a possible mutation in gyrA and 14% (5/36) at least two possible mutations in gyrA or gyrA+parC. In addition, 33% (12/36) showed high probabilities of presence of qnr genes. The enzymes associated to aminoglycoside resistance mechanism were positive in 39% (14/36) to AAC (6’), 28% (10/36) to ANT (2") and 11% (4/...

The aim of this study was to detect the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of 36 Escherichia coli isolates to beta-lactams, quinolones and aminoglycosides using the Kirby-Bauer technique. Thirty-six E. coli isolates from pigs of technified production farms obtained during the 2010-2015 period were used. Fifteen antimicrobials of importance in human and veterinary medicine were tested. The isolates showed resistance mainly to nalidixic acid (89%, 32/36), cloxacillin (83%, 30/36) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (69%, 25/36). Only 3% (1/36) were AmpC producers, 42% (15/36) showed a possible mutation in gyrA and 14% (5/36) at least two possible mutations in gyrA or gyrA+parC. In addition, 33% (12/36) showed high probabilities of presence of qnr genes. The enzymes associated to aminoglycoside resistance mechanism were positive in 39% (14/36) to AAC (6’), 28% (10/36) to ANT (2") and 11% (4/...

El objetivo del estudio fue detectar fenotípicamente los mecanismos de resistencia antimicrobiana de 36 aislados de Escherichia coli a betalactámicos, quinolonas y aminoglucósidos mediante la técnica de Kirby-Bauer. Se utilizaron 36 aislados de E. coli procedentes de porcinos de granjas tecnificadas, obtenidos durante el periodo 2010-2015. Se utilizaron 15 antimicrobianos de importancia en medicina humana y veterinaria. Se detectó resistencia principalmente al ácido nalidíxico (89%, 32/36), cloxacilina (83%, 30/36) y amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico (69%, 25/36). Solo un 3% (1/36) presentó AmpC inducible, 42% (15/36) evidenció una posible mutación en gyrA y el 14% (5/36) al menos dos posibles mutaciones en gyrA o gyrA+parC. Además, el 33% (12/36) evidenció altas probabilidades de presencia de genes qnr. Las enzimas del mecanismo de resistencia a aminoglucósidos fueron positiv...

Leptospirosis is an important bacterial zoonosis worldwide. Dogs and other animals can be infected, constituting an important role in the spread of the bacteria to humans. The infection is caused by any of the pathogenic serovars of the 25 serogroups of Leptospira spp. The aim of this study was to identify serogroups of Leptospira spp in dogs that had presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis. A total of 305 serum samples were obtained from dogs in 31 districts of Lima. The microagglutination test (MAT) was performed, establishing > 1/100 seroreactivity titre as seropositive using reference strains of the 25 serogroups, including the new Iquitos serogroup, Varillal serovar, strain Var10, isolated and reported in human cases in Peru. The frequency of seropositive samples was 58.0% and 10.2% were co-agglutinations. The seropositive reacted against 18 serogroups and the most frequent were: ...

Leptospirosis is an important bacterial zoonosis worldwide. Dogs and other animals can be infected, constituting an important role in the spread of the bacteria to humans. The infection is caused by any of the pathogenic serovars of the 25 serogroups of Leptospira spp. The aim of this study was to identify serogroups of Leptospira spp in dogs that had presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis. A total of 305 serum samples were obtained from dogs in 31 districts of Lima. The microagglutination test (MAT) was performed, establishing > 1/100 seroreactivity titre as seropositive using reference strains of the 25 serogroups, including the new Iquitos serogroup, Varillal serovar, strain Var10, isolated and reported in human cases in Peru. The frequency of seropositive samples was 58.0% and 10.2% were co-agglutinations. The seropositive reacted against 18 serogroups and the most frequent were: ...