This document presents a complete study on the Practical Schools of Medicine and Surgery in Lima and some other important Vice Royalty cities. It covers the historical and social evolution from the XVI through the XVIII centuries, and the period before the establishment of the San Fernando College of Medicine and Surgery in 1808. The most important American creole doctors and surgeons graduating from these Practical Schools are mentioned as well as their contribution to medical science and research in public health is also described.

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On September 6, 1903, the main building of the current Faculty of Medicine of San Marcos University was inaugurated with its frontispiece facing Grau Avenue and next to Lima’s Botanical Garden. This new building replaced the old one located at Santa Ana’s Square, then Italia’s Square and now Raimondi’s Square, in Cercado de Lima suburb, where the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of San Fermando functioned since 1808 and later the Faculty of Medicine of Lima since 1856. The decision to create this new building was due to President Pierola’s rule in 1897, the work was started in 1899 and inaugurated by President Romaña.

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