This research was carried out in the Huancavelica slaughterhouse, located at 3680 meters above sea level. Data were collected from 200 Huacaya alpacas to characterize the carcasses in relation to body weight (BW), hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW) and grading meat. BW was 49.5 and 55.6 kg for males and females, and 51.3 and 53.1 kg for 4-tooth and full mouth animals respectively. HCW were 27.3 and 30.0 kg for males and females, and 28.1 and 28.8 kg for 4-tooth and alpaca full mouth respectively. CCW were 26.9 and 29.6 kg for males and females, and 27.7 and 28.4 kg for 4-tooth and alpaca full mouth respectively. Most carcasses were classified as second grade (38.0%) and industrial meat (36.5%) and none was of extra grade. Simple linear equations to predict HCW and CCW from BW showed coefficients of determination of 68.5 and 68.3% respectively. Moreover, highly significan...

The aim of this study was to determine the association of fasciolosis in school-age children with intestinal parasites, food consumption and animal husbandry. The research was analytical, prospective, cross-sectional, and relational. In total, 295 serological and stool samples were obtained, and an epidemiological interview was carried out on children of both sexes, aged 3 to 19 years from 23 institutions of initial, primary and secondary education, with the informed consent of their parents. The serological diagnosis was made using the IgG immunoblot technique and the IgG ELISA test and the stool diagnosis was made with the rapid sedimentation technique modified by Lumbreras. Risk factors were obtained by epidemiological interview. The prevalence of fasciolosis was 11.2% (95% CI = 7.4-14.9; 33/295). Significant differences were found between educational institutions and communities of o...

El presente trabajo se realizó en el Camal Municipal de Huancavelica, Perú, ubicado a 3680 msnm. Se tomaron datos de 200 alpacas Huacaya con el objetivo de caracterizar las carcasas en función a peso vivo (PV), peso de la carcasa caliente (PCC), peso de carcasa fría (PCF) y grados de clasificación cárnica. Las medias de PV fueron de 49.5 y 55.6 kg para machos y hembras, y 51.3 y 53.1 kg para animales de 4 dientes y boca llena, respectivamente. Las medias de PCC fueron de 27.3 y 30.0 kg para machos y hembras, y 28.1 y 28.8 kg para animales de 4 dientes y boca llena, respectivamente. Las medias de PCF fueron de 26.9 y 29.6 kg para machos y hembras, y de 27.7 y 28.4 kg para alpacas de 4 dientes y boca llena, respectivamente. La mayor parte de las carcasas correspondieron a clasificaciones de segundo grado y tipo industrial (38.0 y 36.5%, respectivamente), no encontrándose carcasas de...

The study aimed to estimate five technological characteristics of the white fibre of Huacaya alpaca of a rural community of the Andean region of Apurimac, Peru. Fibre samples (n=405) were taken from the middle of the rib area prior to shearing. The variables studied were: mean diameter of fibre (MDF), coefficient of variation of fibre diameter (CVDF), comfort index (IC), curvature index (ICur) and spinning fineness (FiHi), by sex and age group according to teeth (DL=Deciduous teeth; 2D=2 permanent teeth; 4D=4 teeth; BLL=all teeth). The MDF for males and females was 19.6 and 20.1 µm respectively (p<0.05), where values increased with age (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found by sex or age for CVDF. The IC was 96.8% in males and 95.5% in females (p<0.05), decreasing with age (p<0.05). The ICur was similar between sexes and difference due to age was only observed between...

The study aimed to estimate five technological characteristics of the white fibre of Huacaya alpaca of a rural community of the Andean region of Apurimac, Peru. Fibre samples (n=405) were taken from the middle of the rib area prior to shearing. The variables studied were: mean diameter of fibre (MDF), coefficient of variation of fibre diameter (CVDF), comfort index (IC), curvature index (ICur) and spinning fineness (FiHi), by sex and age group according to teeth (DL=Deciduous teeth; 2D=2 permanent teeth; 4D=4 teeth; BLL=all teeth). The MDF for males and females was 19.6 and 20.1 µm respectively (p<0.05), where values increased with age (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found by sex or age for CVDF. The IC was 96.8% in males and 95.5% in females (p<0.05), decreasing with age (p<0.05). The ICur was similar between sexes and difference due to age was only observed between...

This work consists in the morphological characterization of eight Pisco grapes varieties “Torontel, Italia, Mollar, Quebranta, Negra criolla, Albilla, Moscatel and Uvina” cultivated in the CITEagroindustrial, based on the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) list of descriptors for vine varieties and Vitis species, version 2009. Some ampelographic characters such as berry color and shape during the phenological stage are general knowledge, however the 56 descriptors in different phenological stages highlight differences. Therefore, the description of the varieties provides a greater precision to the characterization and serves as a guide to the producers of Pisco and producers of grapes, for a simple and correct identification of their plants in the field, avoiding the confusion that currently exists in the Identification of the different varieties, such as homonymy and ...

This work consists in the morphological characterization of eight Pisco grapes varieties “Torontel, Italia, Mollar, Quebranta, Negra criolla, Albilla, Moscatel and Uvina” cultivated in the CITEagroindustrial, based on the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) list of descriptors for vine varieties and Vitis species, version 2009. Some ampelographic characters such as berry color and shape during the phenological stage are general knowledge, however the 56 descriptors in different phenological stages highlight differences. Therefore, the description of the varieties provides a greater precision to the characterization and serves as a guide to the producers of Pisco and producers of grapes, for a simple and correct identification of their plants in the field, avoiding the confusion that currently exists in the Identification of the different varieties, such as homonymy and ...

The aim of this study was to determine the association of fascioliasis with the breeding of animals, housing characteristics and food consumption of children in the district of Santa María de Chicmo, Apurimac, Peru. Serological samples were taken from 493 children aged 6 to 16 years, males and females, with the informed consent of their parents. The prevalence, determined by the immunoblot technique was 5.3% (95% CI = 3.2% -7.4%, 26/493). The univariate analysis showed that the breeding of cattle and cats, and raising three or more pigs were factors associated with fascioliasis. The breeding of more than five sheep resulted as a protection factor. Fascioliasis in children was not associated with the characteristics of the dwellings or the consumption of food. It is concluded that the district of Santa María de Chicmo is mesoendemic for fascioliasis in children, and that the rearing of ...

The aim of this study was to determine the association of fascioliasis with the breeding of animals, housing characteristics and food consumption of children in the district of Santa María de Chicmo, Apurimac, Peru. Serological samples were taken from 493 children aged 6 to 16 years, males and females, with the informed consent of their parents. The prevalence, determined by the immunoblot technique was 5.3% (95% CI = 3.2% -7.4%, 26/493). The univariate analysis showed that the breeding of cattle and cats, and raising three or more pigs were factors associated with fascioliasis. The breeding of more than five sheep resulted as a protection factor. Fascioliasis in children was not associated with the characteristics of the dwellings or the consumption of food. It is concluded that the district of Santa María de Chicmo is mesoendemic for fascioliasis in children, and that the rearing of ...

This study was economically supported by the Peruvian CONCYTEC-FONDECYT-World Bank project 107-2018-FONDECYT-BM-IADT-AV and the Mexican research program CONACYT-Ciencia Básica (A1-S-14574). We thank the staff of Tinka Resources Ltd., particularly to Jorge Gamarra, for help and hospitality during the sampling program. We appreciate the technical support by Xavier Llovet (CCiT-UB) and Carlos Ortega Obregón (LEI-UNAM) during acquisition of EPMA data, and by Pete Tollan (ETH) during acquisition of LA-ICP-MS data. We are grateful to Richard Sillitoe, Andreas Dietrich, Graham Carman (president and CEO of Tinka Resources), and Editor-in-Chief Bernd Lehmann for their constructive comments which significantly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

The Tropical Peruvian Andes host  a great ecosystem diversity such as the montane cloud forest at the southern east slopes. The subaerial moist habitats  along the Alccamayo creek  belong to Aguas Calientes,  Cusco . They were evaluated  in  winter (august 2017) between 2184  and 3000 m of elevation with the  mean temperature between 16 and 18°C. In the southern  highland Andean, the  cryosphere of  the  Allincapac glaciers, Carabaya  Cordillera, Puno,  was evaluated  in summer season (february 2018) between 4500 and 4700 m elevation. The thermogradients were between 0 and 10°C and pH between 6.0 and 6.5. Collections of subaerophytic assemblages with litophilic, and  chasmolithic microalgae and cyanobacterial  were carried out  by scraped the biofilms or crusts from the cliffs of  calcareous  rock  surfaces  or ice layers. Highland colonization (Allincapac  glaci...