The objective of this work is to develop a method of Systems Identification applied to the gas mixer in the neonatal incubator BAN, with the aim of finding a mathematical model that describes its dynamics to implement later a controller. The method considered the conduct of an identification nonparametric which was to excite the entrance to the mixer with signals generated by a computer to determine basic information but valuable. Then, the parametric identification was made consisting of excite the entrance to the mixer with a pseudo-random binary signal to obtain the data matrix with which the coefficients were obtained model ARX. The validation and cross correlation conducted showed the effectiveness of the method. Based on the survey results mixer, it is concluded that the subsystem Pipeline Oxygen is the fourth order considering actuators mechanically coupled and transmitter and sub...

The paper document three cases occurred in May and June, 2006, based on lung samples from pigs of two farms and one slaughterhouse in Lima, Peru. The results of isolation and biochemical test were compatible with Haemophilus parasuis.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the immunization with a single dose of a commercial bacterin against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae influences antibody titles, bodyweight gain, and lung lesions in a commercial pig farm. Sixty piglets born from vaccinated sows were used. One group of 30 piglets (15males and 15 females) were vaccinated at 42 days of age and the other group remained unvaccinated, as a control group. Blood sampleswere collected at 21, 42, 70, 84, 112, and 145 days of age to determine antibody titleswith an Indirect ELISAtest.Animalswereweighed at 21 and 145 days of age and lung lesions were evaluated at slaughter (145 days). Nearly60% of pigs from both groups had high antibody titres at 21 days of age, but decreased by day 70. Titres increased between 84 and 145 days of age in the vaccinated group while increased by day 112 in the unvaccinated group. There we...

The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of antibodies against the ApxIV toxin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, causal agent of porcine pleuropneumonia in 10 commercial pig farms of Arequipa, Lima, Ica and La Libertad departments. Blood samples were collected from animals in the growing and finishing stages (30 per farm) and analyzed by the indirect ELISA test using a commercial kit. The results showed that 23.7% (71/300) of the animals presented antibodies against the ApxIV toxin, and the highest frequency was found in the farm located in Ica (60%). The presence of antibodies against the ApxIV toxin indicated the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae infection in pig commercial farms in Peru.

Se presentan tres casos ocurridos entre mayo y junio de 2006, en base a muestras de pulmón de cerdo procedentes de dos granjas de crianza porcina y de un camal de la zona de Lima. Los resultados del aislamiento y pruebas bioquímicas fueron compatibles con Haemophilus parasuis.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si la inmunización con bacterina de dosis única contra Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae afecta los títulos de anticuerpos, mejora la ganancia de peso, y disminuye las lesiones pulmonares en porcinos de crianza intensiva. Se emplearon 60 lechones provenientes de madres vacunadas, los cuales fueron divididos en 2 grupos de 30 lechones (15 hembras y 15 machos). Un grupo fue inmunizado a los 42 días de edad y el otro fue utilizado como control. Se tomaronmuestras de sangre a los 21, 42, 70, 84, 112 y 145 días para determinar el título de anticuerpos con la prueba de ELISA indirecta. Los lechones se pesaron a los 21 y 145 días de edad y las lesiones pulmonares se evaluaron al beneficio (145 días). Cerca del 60% de porcinos en ambos grupos presentaron títulos altos de anticuerpos a los 21 días de edad, disminuyendo hacia los 70 días. El grupo ...

The objective of this work is to develop a method of Systems Identification applied to the gas mixer in the neonatal incubator BAN, with the aim of finding a mathematical model that describes its dynamics to implement later a controller. The method considered the conduct of an identification nonparametric which was to excite the entrance to the mixer with signals generated by a computer to determine basic information but valuable. Then, the parametric identification was made consisting of excite the entrance to the mixer with a pseudo-random binary signal to obtain the data matrix with which the coefficients were obtained model ARX. The validation and cross correlation conducted showed the effectiveness of the method. Based on the survey results mixer, it is concluded that the subsystem Pipeline Oxygen is the fourth order considering actuators mechanically coupled and transmitter and sub...

Leptospirosis is an important bacterial zoonosis worldwide. Dogs and other animals can be infected, constituting an important role in the spread of the bacteria to humans. The infection is caused by any of the pathogenic serovars of the 25 serogroups of Leptospira spp. The aim of this study was to identify serogroups of Leptospira spp in dogs that had presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis. A total of 305 serum samples were obtained from dogs in 31 districts of Lima. The microagglutination test (MAT) was performed, establishing > 1/100 seroreactivity titre as seropositive using reference strains of the 25 serogroups, including the new Iquitos serogroup, Varillal serovar, strain Var10, isolated and reported in human cases in Peru. The frequency of seropositive samples was 58.0% and 10.2% were co-agglutinations. The seropositive reacted against 18 serogroups and the most frequent were: ...

Leptospirosis is an important bacterial zoonosis worldwide. Dogs and other animals can be infected, constituting an important role in the spread of the bacteria to humans. The infection is caused by any of the pathogenic serovars of the 25 serogroups of Leptospira spp. The aim of this study was to identify serogroups of Leptospira spp in dogs that had presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis. A total of 305 serum samples were obtained from dogs in 31 districts of Lima. The microagglutination test (MAT) was performed, establishing > 1/100 seroreactivity titre as seropositive using reference strains of the 25 serogroups, including the new Iquitos serogroup, Varillal serovar, strain Var10, isolated and reported in human cases in Peru. The frequency of seropositive samples was 58.0% and 10.2% were co-agglutinations. The seropositive reacted against 18 serogroups and the most frequent were: ...

The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of bacterial otitis cases indogs, the bacteria involved in the infection and the bacterial susceptibility to antibioticsin samples processed during 2001-2006 in a bacteriology laboratory specialized in theveterinary field. A total of 429 laboratory records were used. The most frequent isolatedbacteria was Staphylococcus intermedius (27.7%), but other important species were alsofound (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp). Earinfections were mostly due to a single bacteria species (63.6%). In susceptibility testusing the Kirby-Bauer method the quinolones, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and penicillins combined with inhibitors of betalactamics showed better antimicrobial effect,while bacteria species showed high resistance to penicillin, sulpha, tetracyclines,macrolides and lincosamides.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de casos de otitis bacteriana en canes, las bacterias involucradas y su susceptibilidad a los antibacterianos, en base a muestras procesadas en un laboratorio de microbiología especializado en el campo veterinario en el periodo 2001-2006. Se emplearon 429 fichas de laboratorio. La bacteria de mayor frecuencia fue el Staphylococcus intermedius (27.7%), pero hubo otros agentes de importancia como Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus sp. y Staphylococcus sp. Las infecciones óticas fueron mayormente monomicrobianas (63.6%). En las pruebas de susceptibilidad por el método de Kirby-Bauer se encontró el mayor nivel de susceptibilidad de las bacterias a las quinolonas, aminoglucósidos, cefalosporinas y penicilinas combinadas con inhibidores de las betalactamasas; mientras que las penicilinas, sulfas, tetraciclinas, lincosamidas y mac...

This study aimed to standardize a TaqMan Real-Time PCR assay to detect the presence of pathogenic leptospires in urine samples of a dog infected in vitro with standard strains of Leptospira spp. Samples were obtained from a clinically healthy dog, negative to the microagglutination test. Lepto R and Lepto F primers, specific for Leptospira sp and a Lepto TaqMan probe were used, which amplified and hybridized respectively a portion of the rrs gene, differentiating between pathogenic and nonpathogenic species of Leptospira. Thermocycling program was standardized with 35 cycles of 95 °C for 15 s and 60 °C for 1 min with an initial cycle of 95 °C for 5 min. Cycle threshold (Ct) values determined during the standardization of PCR were from 12.53 to 18.21 for the 25 pathogenic strains of Leptospira sp. In contrast, saprophytic Leptospira and other species of bacteria did not produce any spe...

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estandarizar una técnica de PCR en tiempo real con sondas TaqMan para detectar la presencia de leptospiras patógenas en orina de perro infectada in vitro con cepas patrón de Leptospira sp. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de un perro clínicamente sano y negativo a la prueba de microaglutinación. Se utilizaron los cebadores Lepto R y Lepto F, específicos para Leptospira sp y una sonda TaqMan Lepto probe que amplifican e hibridan, respectivamente, una porción del gen rrs, capaces de diferenciar entre especies patógenas y no patógenas de Leptospira. Se estandarizó el protocolo de PCR en 35 ciclos, con un proceso de desnaturalización inicial a 95 °C por 5 min, seguida por una desnaturalización a 95 °C por 15 s y finalmente el alineamiento y extensión en un solo paso a 60 °C por 1 min. Los valores de ciclo umbral (Ct) determinados durante la...

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of antibiotic residues in milk from cows that had clinical mastitis and returned to production after completion of the 3- day period of discarded milk post treatment. Milk samples were collected from 60 cows that received treatment for mastitis with betalactamic antibiotics. Samples were analyzed by the inmunoenzimatic test SNAP (Betalactam), which indicates presence of betalactamic antibiotics residues in milk. Results showed that 45.0% (27/60) were positive to betalactamic antibiotics residues. Also, 56.0% (14/25), 26.7% (4/15), and 45% (9/20) of samples from animals treated with penicillin and streptomycin, kanamycin and penicillin, and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid respectively had antibiotic residues. In addition, 50.0% (14/28) of the animals treated by the intramuscular route and 40.6% (13/32) by the intramammary route were posi...

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of antibiotic residues in milk from cows that had clinical mastitis and returned to production after completion of the 3- day period of discarded milk post treatment. Milk samples were collected from 60 cows that received treatment for mastitis with betalactamic antibiotics. Samples were analyzed by the inmunoenzimatic test SNAP (Betalactam), which indicates presence of betalactamic antibiotics residues in milk. Results showed that 45.0% (27/60) were positive to betalactamic antibiotics residues. Also, 56.0% (14/25), 26.7% (4/15), and 45% (9/20) of samples from animals treated with penicillin and streptomycin, kanamycin and penicillin, and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid respectively had antibiotic residues. In addition, 50.0% (14/28) of the animals treated by the intramuscular route and 40.6% (13/32) by the intramammary route were posi...

The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of Salmonella sp by isolation techniques in pork carcasses intended for human consumption. Three hundred carcasses from two slaughterhouses in Lima, Peru were studied. Samples were taken by swabbing the skin of the head, abdomen, back and leg, representing 1200 subsamples. They were taken to the laboratory in Falcon tubes with buffered peptone water, and processed following the protocol for isolation of bacteria based on ISO 6579:2002. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests and specific antisera. In 6.3 ± 2.4% (19/300) of carcasses and 1.8% (21/1200) of subsamples were detected Salmonella sp. The highest frequencies of isolates were obtained from the head (33.3%, 7/21) and the abdomen (33.3%, 7/21). The isolates were serotyped and identified as Salmonella enterica subesp. enterica serotype Derby. The results confirm the need t...

En el presente estudio se, observó la persistencia de la inmunidad pasiva en porcinos procedentes de madres seropositivas a Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae desde el destete hasta el final del periodo de recría en una granja tecnificada de Ica. Se colectó una muestra de sangre a 30 lechones a los 17, 42 y 73 días de edad, correspondientes al destete, y mitad y final del periodo de recría, respectivamente. El suero se analizó con una prueba de ELISA indirecta que detecta anticuerpos contra la toxina ApxIV. Todos los lechones fueron positivos a la presencia de anticuerpos maternales en el día 17 de edad, en tanto que el 56.7 y el 46.7% de los lechones resultaron positivos a los 42 y 73 días de edad, respectivamente. Existió diferencia estadística entre las medias de los niveles de anticuerpos para los días 17 y 42, y 17 y 73 (p<0.05), pero no hubo entre los días 42 y 73. El n...

The objective of this study was to detect the presence of Lawsonia intracellularis antibodies in commercial swine herds in the Peruvian departments of Ica, Arequipa, La Libertad and Lambayeque. The antibodies were detected using the Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Technique (IFAT) in serum samples of 293 animals in five different age groups. La Libertad department was the most affected (14.6%) and female breeders were the most affected age group (23.1%). Positive results were found in 5.5 ± 0.6% of the samples. The results showed that L. intracellularis is an enteric ethiologic agent that affects the commercial swine production system of Peru.

The canine bacterial dermatitis, commonly known as pyoderma is one of the main skin diseases in the veterinary practice. The present retrospective study had the objective to determine the frequency of the bacteriological agents involved with the disease and the antibiotics that show better antimicrobiobial susceptibility. Laboratory records of bacterial isolation and antibiogram of the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty, San Marcos University, Lima, were analyzed. Staphlococcus intermedius was the most commonly isolated species (70.6%). The most effective antibiotics were from the Cephalosporin family, especially the ceftiofur and cefalexin, and penicillin was the antibiotic with higher resistance index.

En el presente estudio se, observó la persistencia de la inmunidad pasiva en porcinos procedentes de madres seropositivas a Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae desde el destete hasta el final del periodo de recría en una granja tecnificada de Ica. Se colectó una muestra de sangre a 30 lechones a los 17, 42 y 73 días de edad, correspondientes al destete, y mitad y final del periodo de recría, respectivamente. El suero se analizó con una prueba de ELISA indirecta que detecta anticuerpos contra la toxina ApxIV. Todos los lechones fueron positivos a la presencia de anticuerpos maternales en el día 17 de edad, en tanto que el 56.7 y el 46.7% de los lechones resultaron positivos a los 42 y 73 días de edad, respectivamente. Existió diferencia estadística entre las medias de los niveles de anticuerpos para los días 17 y 42, y 17 y 73 (p<0.05), pero no hubo entre los días 42 y 73. El n...