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Objetive: perform a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production on out-of-pocket expense (OOPE) published in Latin America from the period 2002 to 2020 is conducted. The study: we use the Scopus database to select related articles about OOPE in Latin America. Bibliometric indicators were analyzed using Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny R packages. Findings: we identified 207 documents and 828 authors during the period 2002-2020. The number of publications increased (12.62% annual growth rate). “Salud Publica de Mexico” was the leading journals in number of publications. The majority of publications came from developing country collaboration with developed countries such as United States or United Kingdom. Mexico was the most productive and cited country in OOPE in Latin America. Conclusions: the documents published in journals related to OOPE in Latin America are increasing, being ...

Se analiza el funcionamiento de Internet como canal de búsqueda de empleo para los egresados universitarios en el Perú. Este mercado laboral, permite distinguir tres categorías ocupacionales: desempleados, subempleados y empleados profesionales. Usando los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Egresados Universitarios del 2014 y mediante un modelo de estimación probit, se encuentra que el área de residencia, la experiencia laboral y la intensidad de uso de los recursos digitales influyen en la decisión de búsqueda de empleo online, para las tres categorías ocupacionales. Además, el resto de las variables utilizadas presenta efectos diferenciados en función de la categoría laboral del egresado. Las variables endógenas al entorno universitario (prestigio de la universidad, convenios laborales con otras organizaciones y bolsa de trabajo virtual) muestran los efectos más dispares y s...

Waste management seems to be a wide challenge for cities in developing countries. Resource constraints and inefficient institutions inevitably call for labour from the informal sector in this activity. We employ the contingent valuation method and a logit model to estimate recyclers’ Willingness To Accept (WTA) to participate in recycling household’s waste in Lima (la Victoria District). We examine various aspects, including socioeconomics factors, awareness and recycling activity. The required WTA estimate is 1,355.86 Soles (USD 413.13), higher than both the minimum living wage fixed at 750 Soles and the monthly per capita productivity of recyclers, calculated at 986.05 Soles (USD 300.45), using a market prices method in the latter. The economic value of solid waste finance more than 70 percent of the recyclers’ monthly willingness to accept, considering recyclers productivity. Al...

Objetive: perform a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production on out-of-pocket expense (OOPE) published in Latin America from the period 2002 to 2020 is conducted. The study: we use the Scopus database to select related articles about OOPE in Latin America. Bibliometric indicators were analyzed using Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny R packages. Findings: we identified 207 documents and 828 authors during the period 2002-2020. The number of publications increased (12.62% annual growth rate). “Salud Publica de Mexico” was the leading journals in number of publications. The majority of publications came from developing country collaboration with developed countries such as United States or United Kingdom. Mexico was the most productive and cited country in OOPE in Latin America. Conclusions: the documents published in journals related to OOPE in Latin America are increasing, being ...

Introduction: In Peru, 4 out of 10 children under 3 years of age suffer from anemia. Objective: to determine the trend in the prevalence of anemia in children aged 6 to 35 months, during the period 2014-2019. The study: We perform a secondary analysis of repeated annual cross sections for the period. We used the chi-square test of joint significance for each category of exposure variables. Findings: The main results show a decrease in the prevalence of childhood anemia during the 2014-2019 period from 46.92% to 40.33%, specifically in girls and boys aged 12 to 24 months. Conclusions: The decrease was greater in rural areas, in the natural regions of Sierra and Selva, among the children of mothers with a higher level of education and households with the highest wealth quintile. The Puno region presents the smallest decrease in childhood anemia during the period analyzed.

Cette thèse invite à mieux comprendre les enjeux autour du développement des projets innovants de transports intégrés dans les territoires, souvent caractérisés d’éco-mobilité. Par la réalisation de nouveaux comportements pour les usagers, mais aussi par de nouvelles relations entre acteurs, à la fois usagers, entreprises et collectivités, ces projets invitent à repenser dans une perspective plus large les logiques de performances et d’évaluation. Les outils traditionnels utilisés dans le champ économique ne semblent pas suffisamment saisir la complexité inhérente à ces programmes, il est donc opportun de développer de nouvelles pistes davantage orientées dans une approche ouverte et pluridisciplinaire. Pour cela, nous appuierons notre réflexion par le croisement entre deux programmes situés dans les Yvelines. En effet, ce territoire semble le terreau de nombre...

In recent decades, the number of women pursuing careers in health has significantly increased. However, the physician labor market is still characterized by gender differences regarding payment. Using a nationally representative Peruvian sample of health providers (3,219 male and 1,063 female physi-cians), we estimated the gender gap in the likelihood of earning high wages for physicians and decomposed this gap in a proportion related to differences in individual characteristics (e.g. specialty, labor experience), and a residual proportion related to differences in returns to these characteristics. Our main results reveal that male physicians have on average an 81% higher likelihood of earning high salaries (monthly earning level > 5,000 PEN) relative to their female counterparts. Further, the main proportion of this gap is associated to the unexplained component (among 57% and 77%, acco...

Conocer los factores que influyen en los ingresos laborales de los médicos peruanos es un tema prioritario, pues son los principales proveedores de la salud pública. El estudio de Taype-Rondan et al. muestra que tener una especialidad médica y trabajar en regiones con baja densidad de médicos incrementa la probabilidad de percibir mayores ingresos laborales. El mercado laboral peruano presenta características particulares asociadas a los ingresos laborales en el sector de la salud. En primer lugar, la elección de una carrera de educación superior no es una decisión aleatoria. Por ejemplo, estudiar enfermería está relacionado, en promedio, a una condición económica vulnerable, un menor desempeño escolar y habilidades sociales específicas, en comparación a otras ciencias de la salud. En segundo lugar, la calidad de la educación superior es un factor determinante del nivel d...

Introduction: The non-expression of sexual orientation and gender identity can affect mental health in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex population in Peru. Method: Secondary, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional analyses of data from the “First Virtual Survey on the LGBTI population” were conducted with a population (n = 11,345) of LGBTI adults aged 18 years old or more. The variables of mental health and expression of sexual orientation and/or gender identity were measured using a self-reported questionnaire that did not include a validated scale; questions with multiple alternatives that included “yes” and “no” options were used. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained by glm log Poisson regression models. Results: The median age of the participants was 25 years (IQR: 21–30), and the majority of the populat...

Objectives. To determine the association between symptoms of COVID-19 infection and adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes in pregnant women from a referral hospital. Materials and methods. Analytical cross-sectional study of women in the third trimester of pregnancy hospitalized due to COVID-19 in the gynecology and obstetrics area of a general hospital in Lima during 2020. Clinical and obstetric variables were collected. Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test were used during the descriptive analysis. Poisson regression was used to find the association between the variables of interest, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results. A total of 272 pregnant women were included, 50.3% of whom had symptoms of infection. Of these, 35.7% of the pregnant women and 16.5% of the newborns had an adverse outcome. Having symptoms of COVID-19 infection increased the risk of maternal complication...