Plasmodium vivax is the main cause of malaria in the Peruvian Amazon and Mazan is considered one of its districts with high risk of malaria transmission. In this site, previous studies has described P. vivax transmission as heterogenic and has suggested that its prevalence is influenced by factors linked to human mobilization. However, the contribution of this factor have not been assessed yet. Population genetic tools provide information on the individual contribution of the factors that favor the transmission and evaluate the demographic patterns of dispersion of the parasite populations which are influenced by the human mobilization. In order to evaluate contribution of human mobilization to malariatransmission in Mazan, in this work we use a Bayesian framework to identify genetic sub-populations in each basin and to discriminate between endogenous and imported cases. Socio-demographi...