The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced significant uncertainty across various economic sectors, most notably in the industrial sector due to the high volatility in copper futures markets. These markets play a crucial role in the construction, electrical networks, electronic products, and industrial machinery industries. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volatility of copper futures returns from 2 January 2018 to 30 December 2022 using an extended ARMA(m,n)–GARCH(p,q) framework. According to the results, the occurrence of the pandemic nearly doubled the long-run equilibrium volatility of returns compared to the values obtained in the pre-pandemic period. Hence, we conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant influence on the volatility in the copper futures market.

This study analyzes the impact of Venezuelan immigrants’ human-capital on their occupational choice in Peru, in terms of job qualifications. Cross-sectional data were sourced from the National Survey to the Venezuelan Population in Peru, using ordered probit models for 2018 and 2022. The results show that immigrants with university education or previous job experience are overeducated for jobs requiring university education, in the Peruvian labor market, for both years, since they are more likely to obtain jobs with technical education requirements, the intensity of the phenomenon reduced in 2022. The study verifies the Venezuelan immigrants’ overeducation in the Peruvian labor market.

En la última década, la crisis económica y la situación política en Venezuela ha ocasionado el éxodo más grande en la historia reciente de América del Sur. En los países receptores, la vulnerabilidad y la precariedad ha afectado la vida personal y profesional de los migrantes. Sumado a los hechos, la pandemia del COVID-19 planteó a las sociedades y a sus gobiernos diversos retos y desafíos, además de ampliar las vulnerabilidades. Siendo el Perú el segundo país que más ha recibido los migrantes venezolanos, el presente artículo busca presentar las características del contexto vivencial de los migrantes, relacionados al capital humano, trabajo decente y las vulnerabilidades y soluciones presentadas durante la pandemia. El estudio es de tipo cualitativo, empleándose la técnica del análisis documental, centrado en los documentos y estudios referidos a los refugiados y mig...

This study explores the human capital, vulnerability and integration of Venezuelan migrants and refugees in Peru, emphasizing their difficulties in obtaining decent work and assimilating as productive members of Peruvian society. This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by Venezuelan migrants and refugees in integrating into Peruvian society as productive members. Using a descriptive and exploratory approach, data were collected via a questionnaire from 1193 Venezuelan migrants and refugees seeking assistance from an NGO in Lima, Peru. This study’s findings address a critical gap in the existing literature, revealing that despite high levels of education, many migrants struggle utilize their skills and knowledge effectively, leading to significant brain waste due to precarious employment conditions and suffering through their exposure to various vulnerabilities. These findin...