El presente estudio tiene el propósito de reconocer el impacto de los componentes que afectan a la desigualdad de ingresos en 13 países de América Latina para el periodo 1996-2020, considerando un enfoque multidimensional que refleje las características intrínsecas de la región. De acuerdo con los resultados, obtenidos a través de un modelo de Datos de Panel, el PBI tuvo un impacto positivo, mientras que el PBI al cuadrado tuvo uno negativo, acorde a lo esperado, demostrando que se cumple la curva de Kuznets en la región. En la misma línea, el crédito interno es un determinante negativo sobre la desigualdad de ingresos, mientras que el crédito interno al cuadrado es un positivo, rechazando la relación no lineal de Greenwood-Jovanovic. Con respecto al resultado del desarrollo institucional, el control de la corrupción obtuvo, como se esperaba, un efecto negativo, comprobando ...

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced significant uncertainty across various economic sectors, most notably in the industrial sector due to the high volatility in copper futures markets. These markets play a crucial role in the construction, electrical networks, electronic products, and industrial machinery industries. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volatility of copper futures returns from 2 January 2018 to 30 December 2022 using an extended ARMA(m,n)–GARCH(p,q) framework. According to the results, the occurrence of the pandemic nearly doubled the long-run equilibrium volatility of returns compared to the values obtained in the pre-pandemic period. Hence, we conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant influence on the volatility in the copper futures market.

This study analyzes the impact of Venezuelan immigrants’ human-capital on their occupational choice in Peru, in terms of job qualifications. Cross-sectional data were sourced from the National Survey to the Venezuelan Population in Peru, using ordered probit models for 2018 and 2022. The results show that immigrants with university education or previous job experience are overeducated for jobs requiring university education, in the Peruvian labor market, for both years, since they are more likely to obtain jobs with technical education requirements, the intensity of the phenomenon reduced in 2022. The study verifies the Venezuelan immigrants’ overeducation in the Peruvian labor market.