El Perú cuenta con una de las mayores reservas de agua dulce del planeta tierra, la misma que se origina por lluvias que discurren a través de cuencas hidrográficas en todo el territorio peruano. En ese sentido, si bien se cuenta con una gran oferta de agua, el país afronta uno de sus problemas más serios, siendo este, la escasez de agua que muchas de sus ciudades y pueblos afrontan para los diferentes usos de los pobladores. Así, la investigación acoge esta problemática y estudia la Cuenca Muyoc para analizar la gestión de la cantidad de agua y su efecto en los usos consuntivos del recurso (agrícola y poblacional), en época de no lluvia. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se trabajó el enfoque de cuenca, considerada como la mejor unidad para el aprovechamiento sostenible del recurso hídrico, sustentada en las teorías de gestión ambiental, desarrollo sostenible, la Ge...

The study describes the biotechnological process, a product of the hydrolyzed starch's fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen as an enzyme agent. The behavior and speeds of the three intervening components (consumed substrate [Sc], product [P], and enzymatic agent [E]) were evaluated and was formulated the corresponding logistic models, independently, for each of the components and their subsequent application and analysis. Also, the saturation constant of the substrate [Km] was determined. The maximumconcentration for the enzyme reached a value of 9.80 g·L-1, and the reaction rate constants were 0.27 h-1, 0.20 h-1, and 0.22 h-1, for the concentrations of E, Sc, and P, respectively. The maximum speeds (and the optimal times) for the enzyme, substrate consumed, and product were 0.66 gL-1h-1 (6.80 h), 6.68 gL-1h-1 (11.50h), and 3,15 gL-1h-1 (11.40h), respectively...

The study describes the biotechnological process, a product of the hydrolyzed starch's fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen as an enzyme agent. The behavior and speeds of the three intervening components (consumed substrate [Sc], product [P], and enzymatic agent [E]) were evaluated and was formulated the corresponding logistic models, independently, for each of the components and their subsequent application and analysis. Also, the saturation constant of the substrate [Km] was determined. The maximumconcentration for the enzyme reached a value of 9.80 g·L-1, and the reaction rate constants were 0.27 h-1, 0.20 h-1, and 0.22 h-1, for the concentrations of E, Sc, and P, respectively. The maximum speeds (and the optimal times) for the enzyme, substrate consumed, and product were 0.66 gL-1h-1 (6.80 h), 6.68 gL-1h-1 (11.50h), and 3,15 gL-1h-1 (11.40h), respectively...

La Organización Mundial de la Salud recibió un informe de la República Popular China sobre neumonía atípica en la ciudad de Wuhan, el 31 de diciembre de 2019. Desde el primer reporte han pasado 105 días (30 de abril), y es poco lo que se conoce sobre el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) y la enfermedad COVID-19. Los estudios epidemiológicos de los últimos años ya alertaban sobre nuevos brotes de coronavirus, pero no fueron tomados en consideración, y esto dio lugar a que SARS-CoV2 sea el primer beta-coronavirus que alcanza el estado de pandemia. El diagnóstico está basado en pruebas moleculares para detección del virus y, en pruebas serológicas para la enfermedad. Adicionalmente, se conoce poco sobre los mecanismos de contagio y de transmisión. Aún se está investigando los mecanismos celulares y moleculares que emplea el virus para la infección, adicionando los procesos sim...

The World Health Organization received a report from the People’s Republic of China on atypical pneumonia in Wuhan City on December 31, 2019. Since the first report to date (April 30th), it has been 105 days, and little we know about the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) and COVID-19 disease. Epidemiological studies in recent years were already alerting about new coronavirus outbreaks, but were not taken into consideration, and this resulted in SARS-CoV2 being the first beta-coronavirus to reach pandemic status. Diagnosis is based on molecular evidence against the virus and serological tests for the disease. In addition, little is known about the mechanisms of contagion and transmission, and in turn the cellular and molecular mechanisms used by the virus for infection, and about immune response mechanisms are known. Finally, current efforts are focused on effective treatments and vaccine dev...

La Organización Mundial de la Salud recibió un informe de la República Popular China sobre neumonía atípica en la ciudad de Wuhan, el 31 de diciembre de 2019. Desde el primer reporte han pasado 105 días (30 de abril), y es poco lo que se conoce sobre el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) y la enfermedad COVID-19. Los estudios epidemiológicos de los últimos años ya alertaban sobre nuevos brotes de coronavirus, pero no fueron tomados en consideración, y esto dio lugar a que SARS-CoV2 sea el primer beta-coronavirus que alcanza el estado de pandemia. El diagnóstico está basado en pruebas moleculares para detección del virus y, en pruebas serológicas para la enfermedad. Adicionalmente, se conoce poco sobre los mecanismos de contagio y de transmisión. Aún se está investigando los mecanismos celulares y moleculares que emplea el virus para la infección, adicionando los procesos sim...

Se ha desarrollado un modelo matemático que permita analizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad en la República Popular de China ocasionado por COVID-2019. Se aplicó el modelo logístico para los datos reportados entre 11 de enero y el 12 de abril del 2020. El modelo formulado fue linealizado y planteado en dos formas. La primera, evaluando el factor de corrección B, que hace las veces de cantidad máxima de fallecidos. Se determinaron los parámetros A, k y r, obteniendo el modelo (Ecuación 7), con un coeficiente de correlación r=-0,9660 y el coeficiente de determinación r^2×100=93,31 %. La segunda forma, con el mismo valor de B, introduciendo un factor de corrección para la variable independiente, t, que hace las veces de “periodo”. Se determinaron los parámetros A, k y r, obteniendo el modelo (Ecuación 10), con un coeficiente de correlación r=-0,9668 y el coeficiente d...

The objective of the work was to develop a mathematical model to analyze the behavior of mortality in the People’s Republic of China caused by COVID-2019. The logistic model was applied to the data reported in Table 1, between January 11 and April 12, 2020. The model formulated was linearized and presented in two forms, which, with the same value of B, introducing a correction factor for the independent variable, t, which serves as “period” and applying the method of minimum squares, the parameters A, k and r were determined, obtaining the respective model (Equation 10), which was analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient, obtaining the correlation coefficient r=-0.9668 and the determination coefficient r^2×100=93.48 %; deducing the best estimate of the model to the process in modeling (Equation 10) to analyze the mortality phenomenon. Likewise, the mortality rate was eval...

Describe the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru, carry out mathematical statistical modeling, determine the critical time, the speed with which the pandemic developed and validate the estimated data; have characterized this research; whose objective has been to model and analyze COVID-19 infections in Peru, and compare infected people and estimated infected people; assess the critical time in which the maximum speed of estimated infected people occurs and statistically validate the model. The data on COVID-19 infections until February 24, 2023 has been taken into account; determining that they describe a sigmoidal logistic dispersion; event that was mathematically modeled using the expression , which is a predictive logistic equation. With the predictive mathematical model, the number of people infected and their behavior of COVID-19 in Peru was estimated. Likewise, the speed of people infected w...

The calculation of Bernoulli numbers is because there are numerous mathematical expressions and environmental engineering phenomena in which they can be applied. Although it is true that, with the aid of the computer and the use of programs, there are a great number of them; in the current references they are published in a reduced number and, therefore, when using them, unsatisfactory approximations are made. The purpose was to calculate the first 20 Bernoulli numbers, apply them to mathematics (∫ ln(cosx)dx) and environmental engineering, quantifying the alkalinity of natural water in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)(mg/l ), measuring carbon dioxide (CO2). There is a great variety of relations containing Bernoulli numbers presented in several practical applications of mathematics. The best relationships used here are binomial developments. Employing the appropriate equations, th...

Monkeypox (mpox) is a virus of the same family as human smallpox, detected in tropical forest regions in May 2022 in the United Kingdom and subsequently in Latin America. The objective of the present investigation was to study, by means of mathematical models, the infectivity of Monkeypox in North America in epidemiological comparison with South America. Data on monkeypox infectivity in both North and South America between the beginning of June 2022 and the end of February 2023 have been taken into account. By performing the pandemic dispersion, it was determined that the mathematical model of estimation is: ; with which the number of people infected with monkeypox in both North and South America was estimated. The mathematical model for estimating the rate of infection with monkeypox in both North and South America was determined: . At the 5% significance level, the variances of the con...