The present case study was aimed at analyzing the financial situation of BBVA Peru using the CAMEL methodology. Additionally, a proper valuation was carried out using Comparable Multiples and Discounted Cash Flow methods. The first was to describe the economic environment through a Top-Down methodology: region, country, financial sector, and company. The period of analysis was 2015-2019. The data analyzed belonged to production, industry, and technology. Moreover, the bank operations are presented detailing the income structure, financial products and services, politics, and corporate governance.

The growth in the number of criminal organizations and their complexity, in conceptual variety, theoretical implications and empirical challenges, have made it difficult for researchers to generate sufficient theories, studies of causes and scales that allow a categorization and explanation of their phenomena. The characterization of these organizations and the approach to their definition are complex both due to the diversity of their social impacts and the wealth of the thematic areas that address them. This study shows the research and study trends of criminal organizations by conducting a systematic literature review from 2022 and 2023, using the PRISMA method and exploring current trends in academic research and bibliographic production on the subject.

The objective of this research document is to provide an introduction to ISO 45001, the new occupational health and safety management system. First, presenting its background, objectives, benefits and explanation of the system proposed by the standard. Likewise, a comparison with its predecessor, the OHSAS 18001 standard, is made throughout the text, since, in addition to complying with the requirements previously proposed in said and the role of senior management as leader standard, ISO 45001 emphasizes the context of the organization of the Management System. Given the growing global competitiveness and the number of accidents registered annually by the International Labor Organization (ILO), it is advisable to be informed of the updating of this management standard. As main findings it is emphasized that the ISO 45001 standard presents new objectives of continuous improvement and tota...

This paper reviews the theoretical framework of Corporate Governance and multiple issues in which it is evaluated such as agency costs, asymmetric information, insider trading, manipulation of earnings, Board of Directors, etc. Finally, it is reviewed the impact of Corporate Governance over cost of equity, capital structure and financial performance.

Purpose – This paper tests the influence of employees’ involvement in CSR activities on managers’ perceptions regarding business confidence. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative methodology was used to contrast the hypotheses presented in this paper. The empirical research began in March 2016. In April 2016, a questionnaire was sent by email to the 1,745 managers of the multiple banks with a message explaining the relevance of the research. The data gathering process finished in July 2016. Findings – The causal model proved the influence of the perception of employees’ involvement in the CSR actions of Peruvian banks in terms of improving the perception of business confidence by managers. The relationship found was not statistically significant at a level of p<0.05. Therefore, the assessment of the involvement of workers in CSR in Peruvian banks does not significantly...

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to address a company valuation procedure by explaining the steps that must be followed from an economic-financial perspective. Design/methodology: We employ the study case methodology to fulfill all the procedure stages. Specifically, we analyze the Peruvian cement company “Cementos Pacasmayo”. A 10-year discounted cash flow (DCF) is presented and brought to present value using a discount rate (WACC) composed by the cost of debt and the cost of capital of the company. Findings: We can conclude that the evaluation process should always include the country, industry and company. Practical implications: Our study provides useful implications for management. On the one hand, it is important to highlight the subjectivity to predict some parameters or doing assumptions. On the other hand, it is important to understand and know a good procedure to valuate a...

Venezuelan migration in Peru has faced the Peruvian State with many legal, operational and humanitarian challenges. The National Institute of Statistics and Informatics prepared the Survey “Living conditions of the Venezuelan population residing in Peru” which describes the characteristics of this population. Based on this data, this research has been developed with the purpose of developing a profile of the Venezuelan migrant and refugee in Peru. The average profile of this citizen has these characteristics: she is a woman, a young adult, his marital status is cohabiting, his partner is another Venezuelan, he has a diversified secondary education and suffers from asthma.

Peru has become a host country for the migration of Venezuelan citizens, and this implies that the government issues responses within the framework of the search for socioeconomic integration and the expansion of public services. The current needs of Venezuelan citizen migration must be analyzed by society and by the various levels of government, not only in the short term, but also in the medium and long term, based on information from primary and secondary sources. It is estimated that more than 500 thousand new Peruvians with Venezuelan family ties will exist in a period of approximately 5 years. It is estimated that more than 2 billion soles are needed for education alone to meet this new demand. The objective of this article is to show the potential gap in attention in public services, a product of the migration that has occurred from 2019 to 2023. It is argued, given the birth of n...

This paper addresses the calculation of the cost of capital for emerging market companies in the form of a case study. The main objective of this work is to provide a methodology to estimate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), applying it to Backus S.A.A., a Peruvian brewery company. The case presents a brief industry description, the company’s background and operations, business and financial strategy and theoretical framework and analyses of the market value of the firm, financial distress, and WACC, assessing each component. Finally, the students are left with the task of calculating WACC and drafting the report.

El presente artículo busca explicar de qué manera las empresas pueden aplicar la gestión de riesgos desde un enfoque operacional y los lineamientos necesarios para llevar a cabo una eficiente gestión de los mismos (Bromiley et al., 2015). En primer lugar, se analiza el riesgo en las operaciones y se explican los tipos de pérdidas y los factores que las puede originar; además, se detallan herramientas de medición como la severidad. Luego, se revisa la teoría de los estándares de gestión relacionados a los riesgos, tales como el iso 37001, iso 31000 y COSO, en sus últimas versiones. El documento de investigación propone una aplicación en el área de riesgos, mediante una propuesta de esquema general de riesgos y una estructura de gestión de riesgos para las organizaciones. Finalmente, se desarrollan nuevos aspectos a considerar como el caso del riesgo cibernético.

This paper aims to approach crime of economic motivation as a wrong business model. The objective is to consider crime as an activity with the same goals of an enterprise. Therefore, this is a matter of study of business management, too: profit maximization through the cost minimization connected to the completion and maintenance of its operations; competiveness and influence of an appropriate climate for increasing its operations, for producing incomes illegally and having crime as collateral. The methodology conducted a historical review based on the Theory of the Rational Crime (Becker, 1968) and other theories that explain the benefits and incentives that make criminal business sustainable. The result underscores the tools introduction of the business administration sciences for understanding the criminal matter of economic motivation.

Considering the great importance of quality management at the present international juncture, this research reviews and analyzes the most important standard pertaining thereto, i.e. ISO 9001. In this paper, the origins of the term “quality” are established, as well as its evolution over time. It is defined by using the description of the family of standards. In addition, its structure and also the principles on which it is based were identified. Following the above and as an additional result of this work, the qualitative and quantitative benefits with which the standard provides companies registered with it are detailed. Finally, the main changes that the new ISO 9001:2015 revision will include are established.

The aim of this study is to analyse the evolution and performance of the Peruvian financial system in the last few years, as well as the role of the banking reputation in this, taking different bases such as the Merco Index and financial solvency. The study is both quantitative and qualitative, and is specifically focused on the 4 most representative banks of the system, and selected on the basis of investments, deposits, and assets. The analysis looks to establish an initial relationship between corporative reputation (through the value of the Merco Index) and financial solvency, with the analysis being able to be complemented with further studies with the other indicators that are shown in Annexes 1 to 3.

This paper analyzes the direct influence of CSR educational actions on business confidence in the context of the banking sector in an emerging country (Peru). A mediating effect through corporate reputation is also analyzed. To test the hypotheses presented in this paper, we have sent a survey to 1745 executive officers of the branches of the banks. These key individuals were selected as the target population of the study because the authors sought to study the management’s perception of CSR and business confidence. From the data obtained from the survey, it has been tested that educational CSR actions in Peruvian banks directly influences the perception of business confidence. Secondly, this relationship is partially mediated by the effect of CSR educational actions on corporate reputation.

The objective is determine the factors that influence in the profitability of microfinance institutions in Peru. This study constitutes a first approximation to understand the factors that influence in the profitability of microfinance institutions in Peru. We were used the panel data model. Credit risk, operating efficiency, and market concentration were found to be negatively related to ROA, while capital efficiency was positively related to ROA.

This research paper represents a literature review of corporate social responsibility (CSR), as it has evolved and their use and impact in several countries. As a consequence of competitive markets, several entities must endeavor to reveal a picture of themselves as highly socially responsible enterprises. The increment in academic and practitioner interest in “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has led the development of a set of definitions regarding the concept and their application” (Jamali and Mirshak 2007). The term is not a new concept (Taneja, Taneja and Gupta, 2011) it was developed since 1950´s. Nowadays, several literature presents substantial evidence that CSR activities can play a significant role in enhancing a firm’s value (Mahfuja, 2013). In this scenario, the following paper examines the broad progress of the ideas behind the concept though its origins and evol...

This paper seeks to explain how companies can apply risk management from an operational approach and the necessary guidelines to carry out an efficient management of it (Bromiley et al., 2015). Therefore, we first work out the risk in operations and explain the types of events, the factors that cause it, and details measurement tools such as severity. Then, the theory about management standards related to risk management, such as iso 37001, iso 31000 and COSO, in their latest versions, is reviewed. The research paper proposes an application in the area of risks, through a proposal of a general risk scheme and a structure of risk management for organizations. Finally, new aspects are developed to consider the case of cybernetic risk.

This study aims to determine the impact of the Latin American Integrated Market (MILA) start-up in the main indicators of the stock markets of the countries that conform it (Chile Colombia and Peru). At the end several indicators were reviewed to measure the impact on profitability risk correlation and trading vol. between markets using indicators such as: annual profitability standard deviation correlation coefficient and trading vol.. The sample period runs from November 2008 to August 2013; and involves the three stock markets associated with MILA: Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (BCS) Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (BVC) y Bolsa de Valores de Lima (BVL). An additional evaluation for further research would consist of the calculation of relevant indicators to corroborate the validity of the effects found in this investigation corresponding to the integration of the stock exchanges of Lima ...

This present research paper, introduces one of the most important companies in the local market (Peru), Union Andina de Cementos S.A.A. (UNACEM). The company is engaged in the development and manufacture of clinker, cement and other building materials in the country and abroad, including marketing and sales as well as the operation of the dock facilities and complementary Conchan oil refinery. In the last years, their capital structure and their WACC changed because of the merger between Cementos Andino and Cementos Lima. Also, we considered the macroeconomic environment and the national cement industry, in 2012; the company had a market share of 54% and was the leader of the local market. Additionally, according to the forecast of the national economic institutions, the local construction market will have an increase of 14% in the next years. This research paper is ideal for the analysi...

This study aims to determine the impact of the Latin American Integrated Market (MILA) start-up in the main indicators of the stock markets of the countries that conform it (Chile, Colombia, and Peru). At the end, several indicators were reviewed to measure the impact on profitability, risk, correlation, and trading volume between markets, using indicators such as: annual profitability, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and trading volume. The sample period runs from November 2008 to August 2013; and involves the three stock markets associated with MILA: Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (BCS), Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (BVC) y Bolsa de Valores de Lima (BVL). An additional evaluation for further research would consist of the calculation of relevant indicators to corroborate the validity of the effects found in this investigation corresponding to the integration of the stock exc...