This paper addresses the calculation of the cost of capital for emerging market companies in the form of a case study. The main objective of this work is to provide a methodology to estimate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), applying it to Backus S.A.A., a Peruvian brewery company. The case presents a brief industry description, the company’s background and operations, business and financial strategy and theoretical framework and analyses of the market value of the firm, financial distress, and WACC, assessing each component. Finally, the students are left with the task of calculating WACC and drafting the report.

El presente artículo busca explicar de qué manera las empresas pueden aplicar la gestión de riesgos desde un enfoque operacional y los lineamientos necesarios para llevar a cabo una eficiente gestión de los mismos (Bromiley et al., 2015). En primer lugar, se analiza el riesgo en las operaciones y se explican los tipos de pérdidas y los factores que las puede originar; además, se detallan herramientas de medición como la severidad. Luego, se revisa la teoría de los estándares de gestión relacionados a los riesgos, tales como el iso 37001, iso 31000 y COSO, en sus últimas versiones. El documento de investigación propone una aplicación en el área de riesgos, mediante una propuesta de esquema general de riesgos y una estructura de gestión de riesgos para las organizaciones. Finalmente, se desarrollan nuevos aspectos a considerar como el caso del riesgo cibernético.

Considering the great importance of quality management at the present international juncture, this research reviews and analyzes the most important standard pertaining thereto, i.e. ISO 9001. In this paper, the origins of the term “quality” are established, as well as its evolution over time. It is defined by using the description of the family of standards. In addition, its structure and also the principles on which it is based were identified. Following the above and as an additional result of this work, the qualitative and quantitative benefits with which the standard provides companies registered with it are detailed. Finally, the main changes that the new ISO 9001:2015 revision will include are established.

The aim of this study is to analyse the evolution and performance of the Peruvian financial system in the last few years, as well as the role of the banking reputation in this, taking different bases such as the Merco Index and financial solvency. The study is both quantitative and qualitative, and is specifically focused on the 4 most representative banks of the system, and selected on the basis of investments, deposits, and assets. The analysis looks to establish an initial relationship between corporative reputation (through the value of the Merco Index) and financial solvency, with the analysis being able to be complemented with further studies with the other indicators that are shown in Annexes 1 to 3.

This paper analyzes the direct influence of CSR educational actions on business confidence in the context of the banking sector in an emerging country (Peru). A mediating effect through corporate reputation is also analyzed. To test the hypotheses presented in this paper, we have sent a survey to 1745 executive officers of the branches of the banks. These key individuals were selected as the target population of the study because the authors sought to study the management’s perception of CSR and business confidence. From the data obtained from the survey, it has been tested that educational CSR actions in Peruvian banks directly influences the perception of business confidence. Secondly, this relationship is partially mediated by the effect of CSR educational actions on corporate reputation.

The objective is determine the factors that influence in the profitability of microfinance institutions in Peru. This study constitutes a first approximation to understand the factors that influence in the profitability of microfinance institutions in Peru. We were used the panel data model. Credit risk, operating efficiency, and market concentration were found to be negatively related to ROA, while capital efficiency was positively related to ROA.

This research paper represents a literature review of corporate social responsibility (CSR), as it has evolved and their use and impact in several countries. As a consequence of competitive markets, several entities must endeavor to reveal a picture of themselves as highly socially responsible enterprises. The increment in academic and practitioner interest in “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has led the development of a set of definitions regarding the concept and their application” (Jamali and Mirshak 2007). The term is not a new concept (Taneja, Taneja and Gupta, 2011) it was developed since 1950´s. Nowadays, several literature presents substantial evidence that CSR activities can play a significant role in enhancing a firm’s value (Mahfuja, 2013). In this scenario, the following paper examines the broad progress of the ideas behind the concept though its origins and evol...

This paper seeks to explain how companies can apply risk management from an operational approach and the necessary guidelines to carry out an efficient management of it (Bromiley et al., 2015). Therefore, we first work out the risk in operations and explain the types of events, the factors that cause it, and details measurement tools such as severity. Then, the theory about management standards related to risk management, such as iso 37001, iso 31000 and COSO, in their latest versions, is reviewed. The research paper proposes an application in the area of risks, through a proposal of a general risk scheme and a structure of risk management for organizations. Finally, new aspects are developed to consider the case of cybernetic risk.

This study aims to determine the impact of the Latin American Integrated Market (MILA) start-up in the main indicators of the stock markets of the countries that conform it (Chile Colombia and Peru). At the end several indicators were reviewed to measure the impact on profitability risk correlation and trading vol. between markets using indicators such as: annual profitability standard deviation correlation coefficient and trading vol.. The sample period runs from November 2008 to August 2013; and involves the three stock markets associated with MILA: Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (BCS) Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (BVC) y Bolsa de Valores de Lima (BVL). An additional evaluation for further research would consist of the calculation of relevant indicators to corroborate the validity of the effects found in this investigation corresponding to the integration of the stock exchanges of Lima ...

This study aims to determine the impact of the Latin American Integrated Market (MILA) start-up in the main indicators of the stock markets of the countries that conform it (Chile, Colombia, and Peru). At the end, several indicators were reviewed to measure the impact on profitability, risk, correlation, and trading volume between markets, using indicators such as: annual profitability, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and trading volume. The sample period runs from November 2008 to August 2013; and involves the three stock markets associated with MILA: Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (BCS), Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (BVC) y Bolsa de Valores de Lima (BVL). An additional evaluation for further research would consist of the calculation of relevant indicators to corroborate the validity of the effects found in this investigation corresponding to the integration of the stock exc...

This study aims to determine the impact of the Latin American Integrated Market (MILA) start-up in the main indicators of the stock markets of the countries that conform it (Chile, Colombia, and Peru). At the end, several indicators were reviewed to measure the impact on profitability, risk, correlation, and trading volume between markets, using indicators such as: annual profitability, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and trading volume. The sample period runs from November 2008 to August 2013; and involves the three stock markets associated with MILA: Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago (BCS), Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (BVC) y Bolsa de Valores de Lima (BVL). An additional evaluation for further research would consist of the calculation of relevant indicators to corroborate the validity of the effects found in this investigation corresponding to the integration of the stock exc...

This present research paper, introduces one of the most important companies in the local market (Peru), Union Andina de Cementos S.A.A. (UNACEM). The company is engaged in the development and manufacture of clinker, cement and other building materials in the country and abroad, including marketing and sales as well as the operation of the dock facilities and complementary Conchan oil refinery. In the last years, their capital structure and their WACC changed because of the merger between Cementos Andino and Cementos Lima. Also, we considered the macroeconomic environment and the national cement industry, in 2012; the company had a market share of 54% and was the leader of the local market. Additionally, according to the forecast of the national economic institutions, the local construction market will have an increase of 14% in the next years. This research paper is ideal for the analysi...

La gestión del riesgo es antigua como la naturaleza de los negocios, existen registros de contratos sobre futuros del precio del arroz en el antiguo Japón del siglo XVII y los primeros contratos de seguros para cargamentos marítimos se empiezan a esbozar en la China del siglo II. Sin embargo, la gestión del riesgo como cuerpo teórico es relativamente nueva. Las primeras aplicaciones para gestionar riesgos surgen luego de la segunda Guerra Mundial, con la aplicación de los libros de teoría de juegos y probabilidades de John von Neumann y Oskar Morgenstern. No es hasta finales del siglo XX, que la industria financiera aplica de forma intensiva esta metodología para manejar los riesgos de manera integral, y los reguladores financieros introducen los conceptos de gestión de riesgos como mandatorios en todo su ámbito regulado (Dionne 2013: 147-166). Los autores desarrollan los princ...

The current work aims to develop a revision of the literature within the main concepts in the international rules and standards related to risk management in companies. By this way, there will be an analysis of issues such as the COSO - ERM model, an introduction to the ISO 27000 and 31000 standards; and the Project Management according to PMI targeted at risk management.

The strand of the tourism literature focusing on emerging markets is relatively scarce. However, the increasing importance of tourism activity in emerging economies in the last years is moving the academic attention to countries like Peru, where tourism activity has become an essential part of its recent economic development. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the determinants of tourism demand in Peru, by estimating a single-equation model for the period 2007-2011. Specifically, it is proposed as a tool to analyze and understand the recent evolution of this industry as the basis for growth in the Andean country. The obtained results confirm the positive relationship between the real income of non-resident tourists and tourism demand, while tourism in Peru is not eligible as a luxury good. Additionally, it is shown that there is not a high sensitivity of real income from tourism to inflati...

This paper analyzes how a country’s formal institutional quality impacts the performance of listed companies across different Latin American countries (namely, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Chile) and industries. Latin America provides a unique setting to address this question due to the region’s high institutional instability. The sample consists of 571 large listed companies, with a total of 8576 observations, for the period 2004–2019. Results show that the quality of a country’s formal institutions is positively related to firm performance, measured through two alternative variables (ROA and Tobin’s Q). Additionally, countries that are signatories of the ICSID agreement provide companies with a more stable environment in which to do business, which ultimately has a positive impact on their performance. However, as the number of cases recorded before the ICSI...

The paper is an overview about the Integrated Latin America Market (MILA) until December 2014, including the Mexico Stock Market in the analysis. The papers describes how the market has been developing during the last five years, showing some aspects about the market capitalization, the most traded shares and the S&P MILA Andean 40 index. Besides the paper shows the benefits about the MILA to investors and the relation between the stock exchange index and the exchange rate in those markets, using a correlation model.