The 2007 financial crisis served as a stark reminder of the vulnerability in the relationship between institutions and companies, as it revealed that many companies collapsed despite government interventions. Two crucial factors that influenced the crisis’s impact on firms were the level of creditor rights protection and corporate risk management. In this study, our aim was to investigate the impact of investment funds and banks on corporate risk prior to the 2007 financial crisis. We conducted an analysis across 21 countries to examine how institutional factors determined the influence of mutual funds and banks on corporate risk, ultimately leading to critical levels of collapse and the global spread of the financial crisis to the real economy. Additionally, we explored the role of mutual funds and banks as reference shareholders. The findings of our study reveal that the process of f...

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to address a company valuation procedure by explaining the steps that must be followed from an economic-financial perspective. Design/methodology: We employ the study case methodology to fulfill all the procedure stages. Specifically, we analyze the Peruvian cement company “Cementos Pacasmayo”. A 10-year discounted cash flow (DCF) is presented and brought to present value using a discount rate (WACC) composed by the cost of debt and the cost of capital of the company. Findings: We can conclude that the evaluation process should always include the country, industry and company. Practical implications: Our study provides useful implications for management. On the one hand, it is important to highlight the subjectivity to predict some parameters or doing assumptions. On the other hand, it is important to understand and know a good procedure to valuate a...

This paper analyzes the direct influence of CSR educational actions on business confidence in the context of the banking sector in an emerging country (Peru). A mediating effect through corporate reputation is also analyzed. To test the hypotheses presented in this paper, we have sent a survey to 1745 executive officers of the branches of the banks. These key individuals were selected as the target population of the study because the authors sought to study the management’s perception of CSR and business confidence. From the data obtained from the survey, it has been tested that educational CSR actions in Peruvian banks directly influences the perception of business confidence. Secondly, this relationship is partially mediated by the effect of CSR educational actions on corporate reputation.

The present case study was aimed at analyzing the financial situation of BBVA Peru using the CAMEL methodology. Additionally, a proper valuation was carried out using Comparable Multiples and Discounted Cash Flow methods. The first was to describe the economic environment through a Top-Down methodology: region, country, financial sector, and company. The period of analysis was 2015-2019. The data analyzed belonged to production, industry, and technology. Moreover, the bank operations are presented detailing the income structure, financial products and services, politics, and corporate governance.

The strand of the tourism literature focusing on emerging markets is relatively scarce. However, the increasing importance of tourism activity in emerging economies in the last years is moving the academic attention to countries like Peru, where tourism activity has become an essential part of its recent economic development. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the determinants of tourism demand in Peru, by estimating a single-equation model for the period 2007-2011. Specifically, it is proposed as a tool to analyze and understand the recent evolution of this industry as the basis for growth in the Andean country. The obtained results confirm the positive relationship between the real income of non-resident tourists and tourism demand, while tourism in Peru is not eligible as a luxury good. Additionally, it is shown that there is not a high sensitivity of real income from tourism to inflati...

Peru has become a host country for the migration of Venezuelan citizens, and this implies that the government issues responses within the framework of the search for socioeconomic integration and the expansion of public services. The current needs of Venezuelan citizen migration must be analyzed by society and by the various levels of government, not only in the short term, but also in the medium and long term, based on information from primary and secondary sources. It is estimated that more than 500 thousand new Peruvians with Venezuelan family ties will exist in a period of approximately 5 years. It is estimated that more than 2 billion soles are needed for education alone to meet this new demand. The objective of this article is to show the potential gap in attention in public services, a product of the migration that has occurred from 2019 to 2023. It is argued, given the birth of n...

The economic environment in which enterprises operate is increasingly harsh and complex, making business more complex, volatile and uncertain. This context requires a change in the management model based on the three fundamental pillars of governance, risk management and regulatory compliance. In this sense, the presentation of the three-line model is considered particularly useful, as it has become one of the most recognized management tools internationally due to its flexibility and adaptability. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the current literature on this management model and then analyze its applicability in business practice through a case study. In particular, the analysis of four companies in the Ibero-American energy sector (Petrobras, Codelco, Ecopetrol, and Iberdrola) reveals that, although the adaptation of the model is generally comprehensive and universa...

This paper analyzes how a country’s formal institutional quality impacts the performance of listed companies across different Latin American countries (namely, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Chile) and industries. Latin America provides a unique setting to address this question due to the region’s high institutional instability. The sample consists of 571 large listed companies, with a total of 8576 observations, for the period 2004–2019. Results show that the quality of a country’s formal institutions is positively related to firm performance, measured through two alternative variables (ROA and Tobin’s Q). Additionally, countries that are signatories of the ICSID agreement provide companies with a more stable environment in which to do business, which ultimately has a positive impact on their performance. However, as the number of cases recorded before the ICSI...

Venezuelan migration in Peru has faced the Peruvian State with many legal, operational and humanitarian challenges. The National Institute of Statistics and Informatics prepared the Survey “Living conditions of the Venezuelan population residing in Peru” which describes the characteristics of this population. Based on this data, this research has been developed with the purpose of developing a profile of the Venezuelan migrant and refugee in Peru. The average profile of this citizen has these characteristics: she is a woman, a young adult, his marital status is cohabiting, his partner is another Venezuelan, he has a diversified secondary education and suffers from asthma.