Although there were a reduction in malaria burden, with 30% fewer cases in 2018 than in 2014, malaria remains a major public health problem in Peru, mainly in the Amazon region where over 44,000 cases were reported in 2018 (96% of cases in the country). Plasmodium vivax is the predominant species, representing 75.5% of malaria cases, similar to the rest of the region of the Americas. P. vivax infections are characterized by frequent relapses due to persistent liver dormant parasites. Previous studies of our research group in the Peruvian Amazon have shown high proportion of recurrence after radical cure (~75% in one year of follow-up [1]). This study aimed to describe the evolution of parasitemia after a supervised radical cure treatment in an endemic rural village in the Peruvian Amazon follow-up by both, molecular tools (qPCR) and thick smear, during one month.

Objetivos. Identificar los factores que afectan o facilitan el uso de los mosquiteros tratados con insecticida de larga duración luego de un año de su distribución en el distrito de San Juan - Loreto. Materiales y métodos. De Octubre a Diciembre del 2010, el Fondo mundial de lucha contra el SIDA, la tuberculosis y la malaria distribuyó 21 174 MTILD Olyset Net® en 67 comunidades del distrito de San juan, que protegieron a 7 558 familias. Entre Enero a Marzo del 2012, luego de seleccionar una muestra de 400 hogares en 20 comunidades se realizaron visitas colectándose mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado información demográfica, de conocimientos, aptitudes y uso de MTILD. Resultados. La posesión de MTILD en hogares luego de un año de su distribución fue elevada (99%). La razón MTILD/persona disminuyó de 0.70 a 0.52, estimándose una retención de 73% MTILD. 74.0% de los n...

Resistance and therapeutic failure to Plasmodium vivax treatment is an increasing problem due to parasite recurrences that sustain transmission. This study aimed to describe clinical and parasitological response after initiation of supervised radical cure treatment in two villages in the Peruvian Amazon follow up by both, molecular tools (qPCR) and thick smear, for 28 days. Thirty-one participants with uncomplicated vivax malaria were recruited from March 2016 to January 2017 in Santa Emilia and San José de Lupuna, river travel is the only way from these endemic rural villages to other places. At the recruitment (day 0), treatment was started with chloroquine 25mg/Kg in 3 days plus primaquine 0.5 mg/Kg/day for 7 days (according to national guidelines in Peru). Clinical and parasitological evaluations were done on days 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Although more therapeutic failures were detec...

Background: Plasmodium vivax remains a challenge in Peru. The high heterogeneity of its transmission has limited the intervention measures based on global and generalized epidemiological information at medium and long term. Population genetic tools may provide information on the spatial heterogeneity of transmission by linking parasite genetic patterns with epidemiological information. Methods: The genetic diversity and population structures from three settlements located in the Peruvian Amazon, Cahuide (CAH), Lupuna (LUP) and Santa Emilia (STE) were measured on samples collected from September 2012 to March 2015. Results: A total of 777 P. vivax mono- infections were genotyped. LUP showed the lowest proportion of polyclonal infections (0.197) and genetic diversity (Hexp 0.544 ± 0.0012). Moreover, in this study area results showed a significant increment of polyclonal infections and Hex...

Introducción: En la Amazonía Peruana, la transmisión de la malaria por Plasmodium vivax se mantiene debido a que 1) las recurrencias en esta región son extremadamente comunes; contribuyendo al incremento de los casos submicroscópicos y 2) porque estas infecciones no son detectadas por el Ministerio de Salud, perpetuando así el ciclo de transmisión silente. En este contexto, entender las características y duración de estas infecciones recurrentes submicroscópicas nos permitiría comprender su impacto en la persistencia de la malaria. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de datos clínicos y epidemiológicos mensuales de dos comunidades de Loreto (Cahuide y Lupuna) desde el año 2013 al 2015. Los participantes proporcionaron muestras de sangre para el diagnóstico de la malaria a través de microscopía y PCR (método molecular). Para determinar la probabilidad de per...