El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del tratamiento con florfenicol en dosis de 20 mg/kg por vía i.m. en el tratamiento de infecciones causadas por Pasteurela multocida y Mannheimia haemolitica en alpacas. Se determinó la tasa de eficacia según la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) de la bacteria infectante. Para esto, fue realizada una simulación de Monte Carlo de los parámetros farmacocinéticos para 10 000 eventos y el análisis farmacocinético/farmacodinámico (PK/PD). Las tasas de eficacia estimadas para P. multocida fueron del 99, 20 y 1% según las CIM de las cepas 0.5, 1 y 2, respectivamente, mientras que las tasas de eficacia estimadas para M. haemolitica fueron de 100, 95 y 3% según las CIM de las cepas 0.5, 1 y 2, respectivamente. La probabilidad de obtener la cura bacteriológica después del tratamiento disminuyó de manera altament...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of florfenicol treatment at a dose of 20 mg/kg via i.m. in the treatment of infections caused by Pasteurela multocida and Mannheimia haemolitica in alpacas. The efficacy rate was determined according to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the infecting bacterium. For this, a Monte Carlo simulation of pharmacokinetic parameters for 10 000 events and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis (PK/PD) was performed. The estimated efficacy rates for P. multocida were 99, 20 and 1% and according to the MICs of strains 0.5, 1 and 2, respectively, while the estimated efficacy rates for M. haemolitica were 100, 95 and 3% and according to the CIM of strains 0.5, 1 and 2, respectively. The probability of obtaining the bacteriological cure after treatment decreased in a highly significant way for infections caused by bacteria with MICs hi...

The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), so the rational use of these medications becomes extremely necessary. Thus, an alternative is the use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) integration, a tool used in human and veterinary medicine, to determine dosing regimen optimization. Optimizing the dosage regimen makes it possible to establish therapies with greater precision and probability of clinical success, in addition to minimizing toxicity and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. PK/PD integration studies are included in the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines for evaluating medical products; however, this tool needs to be more widespread. Additionally, in 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) established optimizing antimicrobial doses as one of the five critical points to help reduce the spread of AMR, so PK/...

            The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of florfenicol treatment at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg administered IM, in the treatment of canine pyoderma due to Staphylococcus intermedius, using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling (PK/PD). A Monte Carlo simulation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters was performed, followed by a PK/PD modelling to determine the efficacy rates in the treatment of bacterial infection, according to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. intermedius, using the range between 0.25 and 2 µg/ml. The probabilities of obtaining the bacteriological eradication index with the 10 mg/kg dose were 97, 77, 7 and 1%, and with the 20 mg/kg dose it was 95, 87, 61 and 7%, according to bacterial MICs of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 µg/ml, respectively. The probability of obtaining a ...

            The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of florfenicol treatment at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg administered IM, in the treatment of canine pyoderma due to Staphylococcus intermedius, using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling (PK/PD). A Monte Carlo simulation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters was performed, followed by a PK/PD modelling to determine the efficacy rates in the treatment of bacterial infection, according to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. intermedius, using the range between 0.25 and 2 µg/ml. The probabilities of obtaining the bacteriological eradication index with the 10 mg/kg dose were 97, 77, 7 and 1%, and with the 20 mg/kg dose it was 95, 87, 61 and 7%, according to bacterial MICs of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 µg/ml, respectively. The probability of obtaining a ...

The aim of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic model of florfenicol in plasma of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subjected to different rearing temperatures to estimate the plasma concentration of the protocols indicated in the package inserts of florfenicol products authorized in Brazil. For this, a pharmacokinetic model was created from previously published data on the plasma concentration of florfenicol in Nile tilapia subjected to different temperatures. The construction of the pharmacokinetic model was carried out with the Lixoft® Monolix 2020R1 program, based on the plasma pharmacokinetic data of florfenicol found in the literature. Plasma concentrations of florfenicol were estimated from treatments with doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg administered every 24 hours for 10 days, at temperatures of 18, 21, 26 and 30 °C, using the Lixoft Simulx 2020 program®. The absorption lat...

Un modelo farmacocinético/farmacodinámico (PK/PD) se utiliza para traducir la concentración de un fármaco en un efecto, lo que permite simular las dosis requeridas para que ocurran efectos específicos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue crear un modelo PK/PD para estimar dosis intramusculares (IM) de tramadol con un potencial efecto analgésico en pez cebra (Danio rerio). El modelo farmacocinético (PK) se construyó a partir de datos obtenidos del estudio farmacocinético de tramadol en pez cebra. El modelo PK/PD para tramadol en humanos se construyó basándose en datos del estudio de farmacocinética y farmacodinámica de tramadol en esta especie. Se administraron dosis de 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 y 50 μg/animal por vía IM, utilizando el modelo PK de tramadol en pez cebra acoplado con el modelo PK/PD de tramadol en humanos, para determinar el tiempo de mantenimiento del efe...