El presente trabajo aborda el tratamiento descriptivo de las perífrasis de gerundio más recurrentes en el español hablado por los niños del distrito de La Mar (Ayacucho), cuya variante dialectal corresponde al castellano andino propiamente dicho (Escobar, 1978). De entre las construcciones presentadas destaca la perífrasis estar + gerundio, tanto por su recurrencia como por su funcionalidad; esto es, el verbo “estar” como verbo auxiliar puede combinarse con cualquier otro verbo del español y producir, por tanto, una gama variada de construcciones perifrásticas altamente funcionales. Presentamos, asimismo, algunas otras construcciones que, si bien no alcanzan una gran funcionalidad, resultan características de esta variedad de español,  fuertemente influida por el sufjo -chka del quechua.

The current study focuses on the description of verbal periphrasis of infinitive constructions in the Spanish of children in La Mar district (Ayacucho Region), an Andean area of Spanish and Quechua languages in contact, located in the South of Peru. Given the nature of the research, this will be of syntactic and semantic type.

In the present work, we permit offers them the description of a phenomenon of syntactic cut registered in the Castilian of Ayacucho, consisting of the employment of the verbal forms brought together of the subjunctive for not personal pronouns of the infinitive, which we have given in presenting it as a case of modalization of the verbs in infinitive in the Andean Castilian.

This work describes and characterizes the use of perfect and imperfect past verb forms, with their respective modal variants in the Spanish spoken by quechua-spanish bilingual children from La Mar district (Ayacucho).

En la Nueva gramática de la lengua española (2009), la RAE propone una versión restrictiva de la subclase determinante, la cual comprende solo los artículos, demostrativos y posesivos prenominales; los posesivos posnominales y los cuantificadores, lo mismo que los adjetivos, son incluidos, ahora, en la clase adjetivo. Variados ejemplos fundamentan la propuesta.

Este trabalho trata de um fenômeno lingüístico, de ordem sintática, considerado característico do chamado espanhol andino e se refere, precisamente, à omissão do complementizador lexical que precede a cláusula de complementação na função de objeto direto. Este caso peculiar, desenvolvido na língua infantil do espanhol Ayacucho, é analisado como evidência da transferência de padrões estruturais do quíchua para uma variedade específica do espanhol local.

From the perspective of the phonological principle, it is easy to recognize that orthographic problems have their origin in the numerical mismatch between the elements involved: phonemes and graphemes. The quantitative inadequacy of these, in turn, lies in the different nature of their elements, which - with marked inequality - changed substantially over thirteen centuries. The rapid evolution of the sound system against the slow orthographic renewal led to a mismatch between the two, to such an extent that in many instances the written representation ceased to be analyzed in relation to the phonic sequence it was intended to concretize. Seen in this light, it is not difficult to accept that many of the faults that we frequently attribute to the scribe are not such, in the sense of a natural inability or incompetence for writing, but that these faults should rather be associated with the...

In the syntactic analysis of the Spanish sentence, the treatment of so-called reflexive verbs deserves special consideration, that is, those that can be accompanied by reflexive pronominal forms (me, te, nos, os, se).

Facing the study of the syntactic aspects related to the pronominal form "se" in a particular language will always constitute a challenge to be taken into account if one intends, at the same time, to be rigorous and exhaustive. In principle, because there is still no agreement among specialists even about all the significant values or nuances of "se". An attempt has been made to describe it by taking as the axis or central point of treatment the syntactic feature of reflexivity in order to consider the different forms as modalities of reflexives; probably on the understanding that of all the forms of "se" the reflexive is the most widespread, when in reality, the true reflexives constitute only part of what usually appears as production with "se".

In the development of modern linguistics, it is evident the extraordinary relevance that the lexical category determiner has experienced to the detriment of the other constituents of the FN in the consideration of its hierarchical status, since it has gone from being a non-nuclear element (optional or obligatory) in the nominal structuring in generative grammar (according to Chomsky, Postal, Fillmore, etc.) to a nuclear position, generator of its own maximum projection, the determinative phrase, in categorial grammar (according to Abney). Over the years, from 1957 to the present, its position has been consolidated, as reported by the various versions of FN that were configured with the support of the linguistic evidence of the moment. Hence our interest in examining its impressive evolution within the framework of the two modern currents: the generative and the categorial. The analysis o...

O estudo das estruturas complementares do substantivo, especificadoras e explicativas (ou appositivas), na língua espanhola tem uma forte tradição histórica. A partir da gramática tradicional, com suas descrições sugestivas dos chamados complementos do substantivo, ela continuou com as contribuições específicas da gramática estrutural, que os analisou como proposições adjetivas ou relativas.

The notions of co-reference and locality, theoretical constructs elaborated by generative grammar in its version of the theory of Rection and Binding to point out the referential identity between the anaphora and its antecedent, in addition to establishing between them a sort of hierarchy within a local domain relation (sentence or subordinate clause), allow the development of syntactic descriptions with a high level of explanatory adequacy. Such notions, seen as a means of making explicit semantic-syntactic aspects that the speaker intuitively knows about the different types of FN, make it possible to configure concrete structural descriptions that systematize their presentation and objectively favor the intelligibility of the syntax.

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El proceso de cambios o innovaciones en un sistema ortográfico suele basarse en dos clases de consideraciones: a) pragmáticas, tendientes a facilitar el aprendizaje de la escritura y la corrección ortográfica sin que ello signifique un esfuerzo por parte de los usuarios; b) teóricas, procurar una mayor adecuación del sistema a los principios teóricos que lo sustentan.En el presente trabajo, asumimos que en los cambios habidos en la Ortografía de la lengua española de la RAE (2010), en lo que respecta al sistema grafemático precisamente, se ha perseguido solo una finalidad teórica, académica: adecuarse, todavía más al ideal del principio fonémico que lo sustenta, el cual propone un paralelismo cuantitativo entre los niveles fonológico y grafemático; aun cuando ello no signifique, necesariamente, mayor accesibilidad y mejor control del sistema escrito de la lengua español...

La atención que han recibido las cláusulas relativas apositivas y especificativasen la teoría generativa no ha sido lo suficientemente plausible comopara definir el lugar que les corresponde dentro de la configuraciónsintáctica dentro de una estructura nominal.Ambas clases de relativas presentan diferente comportamientosintáctico con respecto a la aplicación de ciertas transformaciones habidasa nivel de frase nominal, distinción que la gramática la debería hacer manifiestaen términos de dependencia estructural dentro de una estructuracióncategorial. La temprana propuesta de Mugica y Solana, dentro del marcode la teoría de Principios y Parámetros -versión moderna de la gramáticagenerativa- es analizada como fallida en este intento de dar solución a esteaspecto de la sintaxis española.

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From a theoretical-mentalist perspective, identities, and linguistic attitudes of Andean migrants in the human settlement Villa Huanta, San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima, Peru) were evaluated. The qualitative and quantitative approaches allowed the measurement of the variables sex, age and schooling for which the questionnaire, participant observation and semi-structured interview were used in a complementary manner. A quantitative evaluation made it possible to determine that the Andean migrants did not show a very high value towards Spanish in relation to the Quechua language, especially in the affective sphere. However, from a qualitative perspective, this does occur in the cognitive and sociocultural spheres, not only among young people, but also in the adult population.

The objective of this research is to address the phenomenon of linguistic attitudes in students of the specialty of English. This will make it possible to distinguish the attitudes of learners regarding American English and British English in Spanish-speaking contexts. The study of linguistic attitudes is relevant in sociolinguistics because the wealth of information on the functioning of the language is in its social relationship with the community” (Holmes, 2013, pp. 1-2). Thus, this type of work comprises three areas: cognitive, behavioral and affective attitudes (Zanna and Rempet, 1988), which are considered in this study. The mask method survey and observation will be used as a means of investigation. The linguistic attitudes of the students of the English major at UNMSM regarding American and British English are positive due to the prestige that both languages ​​have and be...