In the 7 domestic wastewater treatment plants evaluated, located in different districts of Metropolitan Lima, 2537.85 Tn / day of sludge with high moisture content are generated, becoming a problem given that the spaces for its confinement are scarce. To evaluate its transformation into an input, the sludge was physically-chemically and biologically characterized, which was done twice, and the results were compared with the maximum permissible limits established in the Peruvian, Mexican and Environmental Protection Agency regulations. In order to quantify its nutritional potential, the percentage contents of pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were determined, which were compared with the quality results of the compost produced at the Pampamarca Chico-Carhuaz Plant. The results showed excess concentrations of Cadmium, Zinc and Thermotolerant Coliforms, in the sludge ge...

Article 31 of Law No. 28611 establishes that the Environmental Impact Studies (EISs) must conclude that there is no breach of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs); likewise, taking into account that the EQSs have a numerical expression, it would be expected that the objective way of concluding that they are not breached is also a numerical expression, otherwise a conclusion based on other ways not related to the contrast of the numerical value, would lead to a subjective appreciation. The purpose of the investigation consisted in determining the predominant way, through which the conclusion has been reached that the EQSs are not breached, in the approved EISs. For this purpose, a logical sequence of five (05) steps was developed to identify the applicable ECAs, the emissions or discharges, the concentration in the receiving body, the contrast with the EQSs and the manner of complia...

The objective of this article is to establish a methodology for evaluating the current situation of solid and semi-solid waste disposal in a refinery, considering that the problem is common in all of them, as well as establishing alternative solutions to the problem of handling this waste. . To do this, firstly, the work methodology used is described, which is framed in two major blocks: field work and cabinet work. Secondly, the specific topic is developed, focusing the topic on that related to oil sludge and sludge, and evaluating the applicability of the different treatment options, having as a selection framework that option that allows the maximum recycling of waste and minimizes generation of waste and incur the lowest cost of treatment. As conclusions, it is obtained that it is possible to use preconditioned oil slurry and sludge, in use as industrial fuel (in brick kilns, for exa...

Cemeteries may constitute a danger to the environment and people 's health if not properly controlled mineralization of the organic parts of the human remains, leading to the formation of unpleasant odors and substances soluble carriers of pathogens , and allowed to be perceived by the people seated in the environment and / or liquids generated reach available in the sources of supply of surface or ground water used for human consumption . The volume of this liquid generation , the level of toxicity depends on the presence of organic compounds and pathogenic load virtual human body , can reach 40 liters per adult weight of 70 kilos . Its constitution comprising 60% water , 30% minerals and 10% of complex substances, little known , such as putrescine, cadaverine, etc. . This article tries to give some guidelines to serve as a guide for an Environmental Impact of a project concerning the c...

Cemeteries may constitute a danger to the environment and people 's health if not properly controlled mineralization of the organic parts of the human remains, leading to the formation of unpleasant odors and substances soluble carriers of pathogens , and allowed to be perceived by the people seated in the environment and / or liquids generated reach available in the sources of supply of surface or ground water used for human consumption . The volume of this liquid generation , the level of toxicity depends on the presence of organic compounds and pathogenic load virtual human body , can reach 40 liters per adult weight of 70 kilos . Its constitution comprising 60% water , 30% minerals and 10% of complex substances, little known , such as putrescine, cadaverine, etc. . This article tries to give some guidelines to serve as a guide for an Environmental Impact of a project concerning the c...

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo establecer una metodología de evaluación de la situación actual de disposición de residuos sólidos y semisólidos en una refinería, considerando que el problema es común en todas ellas, así como establecer alternativas de solución a la problemática del manejo de estos desechos. Para ello, en primer lugar, se describe la metodología de trabajo empleada, que se enmarca en dos grandes bloques: trabajo de campo y trabajo de gabinete. En segundo lugar, se desarrolla el tema específico, centrando el tema en lo referido a borra y lodos petrolizados, y evaluando la aplicabilidad de las distintas opciones de tratamiento teniendo como marco de selección aquella opción que permita reciclar desechos al máximo y que minimice la generación de residuos e incurra en el menor costo de tratamiento. Como conclusiones, se obtiene que es posible utili...

En el presente trabajo de investigación se analiza la contaminación de las aguas subterráneas como consecuencia de la generación de lixiviados provenientes de la descomposición de cuerpos sepultados bajo suelo en el camposanto Parques del Paraíso que está en el Sur de la ciudad de Lima, muy cerca a la margen derecha del rió Lurin y bajo la influencia del acuífero del mismo. Este trabajo ha sido estructurado en 8 capítulos: En el Capitulo 1 se señala que el área en estudio esta ubicado en la zona de Santísimo Salvador de Pachacamac, distrito del mismo nombre, provincia y departamento de Lima. Abarcaba un área de 46.613 hectáreas, donde se construirían 171,221 sepulturas bajo suelo, y que actualmente esta funcionando en forma clandestina, sepultándose 60 cadáveres promedio por mes. Aguas abajo están asentados más de 100,000 habitantes que se abastecen de aguas subterrá...

Los desechos más importantes que generan las PTAR de aguas residuales; en cantidad y calidad, son los lodos. Durante la investigación se evaluaron 7 PTAR´s, en las que se tratan 29 795 212,80 m3/año de aguas residuales y se generan 926 315,19 Tn/año de lodos con alto contenido de humedad. La presencia de lodos se convirtió en un problema, los espacios para su confinamiento son escasos. Asimismo, las distancias desde los centros de generación hasta los lugares de disposición final son significativas. Estos lodos fueron caracterizados física-química y biológicamente. Los resultados fueron comparados con lo establecido por la EPA, la norma mexicana NOM-004-SEMARNAT-2002 y la norma peruana DS N° 015- 2017-VIVIENDA, con excepción de los lodos generados en la PTAR Julio C. Tello, que presentan Cadmio en exceso, y los de la PTAR San Juan, que contienen Zinc. Los otros si pueden ser...

On the university campus of the National University of San Marcos-UNMSM, there is a serious problem of accumulation of solid waste without separating, explained for various reasons: the lack of infrastructure for minimum separation, regulations to monitor compliance, concrete actions to give them utility, and an adequate solid waste management program. The objective of this work is to carry out a preliminary diagnosis that allows knowing the characteristics of the problem, a diagnosis of the knowledge and attitude of the university community, in order to obtain the necessary information for the definition and approach of the methodology to be followed for the formulation of the Comprehensive Plan of Environmental Management of Solid Waste-PIGARS that corresponds to the level and prestige of the UNMSM. Solid waste management involves planned work, so it is urgent to implement a comprehens...

En el campus universitario de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos-UNMSM, existe un grave problema de acumulación de residuos sólidos sin separar, explicado por diversas razones: la falta de infraestructura para la mínima separación, normatividad que vigile su cumplimiento, acciones concretas para darles utilidad, y un adecuado programa de gestión de residuos sólidos. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un diagnóstico preliminar que permita conocer las características del problema, un diagnóstico del conocimiento y actitud de la comunidad universitaria, con el fin de obtener la información necesaria para la definición y planteamiento de la metodología a seguir para la formulación del Plan Integral de Gestión Ambiental de Residuos Sólidos-PIGARS que corresponda al nivel y prestigio de la UNMSM. La gestión de los residuos sólidos implica un trabajo planificado p...