El arroz (Oryza sativa) es un grano que alimenta a más de la mitad de la población mundial, siendo el tercer grano más cultivado en el mundo, después del maíz y trigo. En Perú, 70 mil productores siembran arroz en 417 mil hectáreas; y producen 3,4 millones de toneladas, con un rendimiento promedio nacional de 8,21 toneladas por hectárea. Esta producción se concentra en la costa norte y selva norte: 39,58%, en 50% de la superficie agrícola total de arroz. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue evaluar los beneficios económicos y ambientales de masificar el uso de semilla certificada de arroz en la costa norte y en la selva norte del Perú. La metodología contempla el uso de información secundaria, para aplicar el modelo de presupuesto parcial, cambio de excedentes económicos y variación del coeficiente de impacto ambiental (EIQ). Los resultados indican que la hipotética adopción d...

Given its potential to improve the peasant economy, for its growing exports due to the multiple uses of its derivatives, the objective is to analyze the improvement in profitability of the cultivation of Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze tara in Apurímac instead of simply collecting it. To test the hypothesis that growing tara is more profitable than harvesting it, the partial budget is used to obtain benefits per hectare in the short term, and the cash flow to assess the magnitude of the long-term increase in profitability. As agriculture is subject to risks, a probabilistic approach is employed with the help of software @Risk. It is concluded that the tara has higher profitability than the collected product, which would explain the progress of the sowing of this crop in Apurimac and Peru so it is recommended to the institutions interested in the development of the Peruvian Andes, al...

El maíz amarillo duro es el principal cultivo de los agricultores del Valle del Bajo Piura, por ello el objetivo fue determinar la mejora en sostenibilidad a través del cálculo de las variaciones en los beneficios económicos empleando el Modelo de Presupuesto Parcial), sociales con el Modelo de Cambio de Excedentes y ambientales aplicando el Modelo de Cam bio en el Cociente de Impacto Ambiental, derivados de la siembra de semilla certificada de maíz amarillo duro (Zea mays L.) en este valle. Se encuestó a 70 productores de maíz amarillo duro para obtener datos de producción y costos. Se obtuvo un Índice de Beneficio Costo Marginal de 1.17, con 80.2% de escenarios positivos. Los consumidores incrementan excedentes en 45.8 millones de soles, los productores en 89.5 millones y el excedente social crece en 135 millones. Para el Perú, la inversión en generación y transferencia de ...

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los beneficios económicos de emplear semilla certificada para la producción de arroz en nuestro país y las posibles ganancias en competitividad. El objetivo es dimensionar los beneficios económicos obtenidos con el uso masivo de la semilla certificada en la producción de arroz a nivel nacional, reemplazando la semilla no certificada o común. Para determinar la rentabilidad de la semilla certificada a corto plazo, en un entorno de riesgo, se usó el presupuesto parcial y se obtuvo el índice de beneficio costo marginal. Para la evaluación a largo plazo se usó el modelo de cambio de excedentes económicos con una simulación de Montecarlo con el fin de obtener la distribución de probabilidad de los beneficios económicos de productores, consumidores y la sociedad, por el uso de semilla certificada de arroz. Se demuestra que el uso de semilla cer...

Peru and South America have achieved benefits with the expansion of trade flows, but there would be competitive weakness in two of their emblematic products: rice and potato. It was analyzed how competitive Peru and South America are in the production of rice and potatoes, using the revealed comparative advantage method, finding that the Relative Trade Balance (BCR) is less than 0 for both products in Peru being a net importer of both products (BCR potato -0.859 and rice -0.891) and less than 1 for South America, the BCR of potato -0.375 classifies it as a net importer and that of rice (0.280) shows a slight export trend. It is concluded that neither South America nor Peru is competitive in these crops, although some countries in South America export rice (Uruguay) and potato (Chile and Argentina). The results of the revealed competitiveness indicators determine those Peruvian potatoes a...

Agricultural production is very risky, especially in the case of potatoes, and the risk is differentiated between the Coast and the Sierra. On the coast, Lima shows high yields per hectare while, in the Sierra, Ayacucho shows low yields. In order to compare the risk levels in potato producers in the Ayacucho and Lima regions, and the incidence of probabilistic variables (farm price, yield per hectare, costs of fertilizers, seeds, pesticides) in the margin gross economic benefit per hectare, a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation is carried out with @Risk software. The hypothesis that Ayacucho would present higher levels of risk than Lima was tested. It was found that Lima has 65.5% of positive gross margin scenarios and Ayacucho only 1.6%. The main sources of risk in white potato production are the price on the farm and the yields per hectare. The variation of the gross margin per hectare d...

Hard yellow maize is the most important grain worldwide, as it is a key source of food for chickens and pigs, providing essential protein for humanity. This study evaluates the benefits of releasing seeds of genetically modified hard yellow corn (MADBt), resistant to codling moth (Spodoptera frugiperda), in Los Ríos, Ecuador. To analyze the economic benefits to producers, partial budget models that provide the change in producer margin and the marginal cost benefit were used. To measure the improvement in social welfare, the surplus change model was used. In addition, risks associated with agricultural production were incorporated through Monte Carlo simulations using @Risk software. Information on costs, production and prices was obtained through a survey of producers in Los Ríos. It is concluded that (i) producers benefit from a Marginal Cost Benefit ratio of 1,09 and an increase in ...

Agricultural technologies must be evaluated before their implementation so that decision makers have objective elements to support their judgment. Given the differences in the results if deterministic or probabilistic methods of ex-ante evaluation of technologies are used, the aim is to determine which are more efficient in the ex-ante evaluation of genetically modified potato seeds resistant to blight or late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) and potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella). Resistance to these biotic agents is achieved with genes from wild potatoes (cisgenic modification) that provide resistance to late blight and with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (transgenic modification) that provide resistance to potato tuber moth. The objective was to compare the deterministic and probabilistic versions of the partial budget and surplus-change methods, applying them to ...