Peru and South America have achieved benefits with the expansion of trade flows, but there would be competitive weakness in two of their emblematic products: rice and potato. It was analyzed how competitive Peru and South America are in the production of rice and potatoes, using the revealed comparative advantage method, finding that the Relative Trade Balance (BCR) is less than 0 for both products in Peru being a net importer of both products (BCR potato -0.859 and rice -0.891) and less than 1 for South America, the BCR of potato -0.375 classifies it as a net importer and that of rice (0.280) shows a slight export trend. It is concluded that neither South America nor Peru is competitive in these crops, although some countries in South America export rice (Uruguay) and potato (Chile and Argentina). The results of the revealed competitiveness indicators determine those Peruvian potatoes a...

Hard yellow maize is the most important grain worldwide, as it is a key source of food for chickens and pigs, providing essential protein for humanity. This study evaluates the benefits of releasing seeds of genetically modified hard yellow corn (MADBt), resistant to codling moth (Spodoptera frugiperda), in Los Ríos, Ecuador. To analyze the economic benefits to producers, partial budget models that provide the change in producer margin and the marginal cost benefit were used. To measure the improvement in social welfare, the surplus change model was used. In addition, risks associated with agricultural production were incorporated through Monte Carlo simulations using @Risk software. Information on costs, production and prices was obtained through a survey of producers in Los Ríos. It is concluded that (i) producers benefit from a Marginal Cost Benefit ratio of 1,09 and an increase in ...