Digital self-efficacy is the personal confidence to use technology tools efficiently. Digital self-efficacy reduces anxiety and increases student per-formance. For these reasons, the present research proposes to analyze the levels of digital self-efficacy and anxiety, as well as their influence on virtual performance in university students in Peru. 116 students participated, 105 females (90.5%) and1 1 males (9.5%) between 17 and50 years of age (Mean = 26.78, SD = 7.02). The results showed that the students have optimal levels of digital self-efficacy and virtual performance. Nevertheless, they were hesitant to feel digital anxiety. Then, digital self-efficacy was related to virtual performance. Finally, the con-cept “digital native” is discussed because the youngest students did not achieve optimal levels of digital self-efficacy, neither with low levels of digital anxiety.

Digital self-efficacy is the degree of confidence to efficiently use technological tools. This type of self-efficacy reduces digital anxiety and increases students' performance in virtual environments. This justifies the objective of the present research, which is to analyze the levels of self-efficacy and digital anxiety, as well as their influence on virtual educational performance in students of a private university in Lima, Peru. Using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling procedure, 116 students participated, 105 females (90.5%) and 11 males (9.5%) between 17 and 50 years of age (MeanAge = 26.78, SD = 7.02). The results showed that students perceived to agree in having optimal levels of digital self-efficacy and efficient virtual educational performance. However, they indicated neither agreement nor disagreement in feeling digitally anxious. In addition, it was observed that digi...

Studying grit's measurement helps to understand this psychological phenomenon associated with success. Grit-S structures of one-factor and two-factor have been reported in the literature, but there is a lack of reports based on Item Response Theory (IRT). Therefore, two objectives were proposed: to determine the factorial structure of the Spanish version of the Grit-S and explore the instrument through a Multidimentional Item Response Theory (MIRT) analysis. A nonprobabilistic sample of 899 subjects (41.0% female) was evaluated. The 8 items grit scale was used. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that the two-factor model obtained a good fit (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA [90%CI] = 0.08 [0.07, 0.10]) unlike the one-dimensional model. An exploratory comparison analysis by MIRT also revealed that the two-factor model performed better (p < 0.001). Consequently, a confirmatory anal...