Abstract Purpose: To compare the number of admissions, clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of patients treated for acute ST- elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), before and after the COVID-19 pandemic state of emergency in Peru. Methods: Comparative and descriptive study of cohorts, derivated from the PEruvian Registry of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction II (PERSTEMI II). We compared the patients treated for STEMI, between 45 days before and during the first 45 days of the COVID-19 state of emergency in Peru. Results: During the first 45 days of the COVID-19 state of emergency, the team found a 59% decrease on the number of admissions for STEMI. There was a larger proportion of patients with high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. We noticed a decreasing trend in the access to reperfusion therapies (73% vs. 66.6%); the fibrinolysis was the most commonly used therapy. T...

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a clinical entity whose adequate treatment will depend on its prompt recognition, accurate diagnosis, and management in reperfusion networks. The first contact with these patients is generally done in centers without reperfusion capacity, attended by non-cardiologist doctors, and in centers far from hospitals with greater resolution capacity, something that is well known in our country. This manuscript proposes a strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of STEMI in centers without percutaneous coronary intervention capacity of the public health system in Peru, emphasizing not losing sight of electrocardiographic patterns compatible with coronary artery occlusion, adequate fibrinolysis and management of its complications, the treatment of infarction in special populations and highlighting the importance of the pharmacoinvasive strategy...

La enfermedad arterial coronaria crónica es una de las causas principales de muerte a nivel mundial. La revascularización miocárdica, a través de la intervención coronaria percutánea o la cirugía de bypass aortocoronario, es un pilar fundamental del tratamiento, y la decisión de su elección debe ser realizada por un equipo multidisciplinario, que considere los riesgos y beneficios inherentes a cada estrategia. Múltiples escalas de riesgo pronóstico, con ventajas y limitaciones, son usadas en la práctica clínica. El propósito de la presente revisión es proveer información que pueda ayudar a la estratificación del riesgo y la toma de decisiones individualizadas.

El infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IMCEST) es una entidad clínica cuyo tratamiento adecuado dependerá de su pronto reconocimiento, diagnóstico certero y manejo en redes de reperfusión. El primer contacto con estos pacientes es generalmente en centros sin capacidad de reperfusión, atendidos por médicos no cardiólogos y en centros alejados de hospitales de mayor capacidad resolutiva, algo que es bien conocido en nuestro país. Este manuscrito propone la estrategia de diagnóstico y tratamiento del IMCEST para centros sin capacidad de intervención coronaria percutánea del sistema público de salud en el Perú, haciendo hincapié en no perder de vista patrones electrocardiográficos compatibles con oclusión de la arteria coronaria, fibrinolisis adecuada y manejo de sus complicaciones, el tratamiento del infarto en poblaciones especiales y resaltando la importan...

Objetivo: Comparar el número de ingresos, características clínicas y resultados terapéuticos de los pacientes atendidos por infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IMCEST) antes y durante el estado de emergencia por COVID-19 en Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y comparativo de cohortes, derivadas del PEruvian Registry of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction II (PERSTEMI II). Se comparó los pacientes atendidos por IMCEST 45 días antes y durante los 45 días iniciales del estado de emergencia por COVID-19 en Perú. Resultados: Durante los primeros 45 días del período de emergencia se encontró una disminución del 59% en el número de ingresos por IMCEST. Hubo una mayor proporción de pacientes con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia. Se observó una tendencia a reducción en el acceso a terapias de reperfusión (73.5% vs 66.6...

Chronic coronary artery disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Myocardial revascularization, through percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, is a mainstay in the treatment, and the decision between their must be made by a multidisciplinary team that considers the risks and benefits inherent to each one. Several prognostic scores, with advantages and limitations, are used in clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to provide information that may help to stratify risk and make individualized decisions.

Abstract Purpose: To compare the number of admissions, clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of patients treated for acute ST- elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), before and after the COVID-19 pandemic state of emergency in Peru. Methods: Comparative and descriptive study of cohorts, derivated from the PEruvian Registry of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction II (PERSTEMI II). We compared the patients treated for STEMI, between 45 days before and during the first 45 days of the COVID-19 state of emergency in Peru. Results: During the first 45 days of the COVID-19 state of emergency, the team found a 59% decrease on the number of admissions for STEMI. There was a larger proportion of patients with high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. We noticed a decreasing trend in the access to reperfusion therapies (73% vs. 66.6%); the fibrinolysis was the most commonly used therapy. T...

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a clinical entity whose adequate treatment will depend on its prompt recognition, accurate diagnosis, and management in reperfusion networks. The first contact with these patients is generally done in centers without reperfusion capacity, attended by non-cardiologist doctors, and in centers far from hospitals with greater resolution capacity, something that is well known in our country. This manuscript proposes a strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of STEMI in centers without percutaneous coronary intervention capacity of the public health system in Peru, emphasizing not losing sight of electrocardiographic patterns compatible with coronary artery occlusion, adequate fibrinolysis and management of its complications, the treatment of infarction in special populations and highlighting the importance of the pharmacoinvasive strategy...

Objective. To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ST–Elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) management in a reference center of northern Peru. Methods. Observational, analytical, retrospective cohort-type study, derivated from the Acute Coronary Syndrome registry of the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital. The characteristics of the patients with STEMI and their 30-day outcomes were compared in 02 cohorts according to the time of medical care: prior to the pandemic or during the pandemic. Results. During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalizations for STEMI decreased by 53%, there was a greater use of fibrinolysis to the detriment of primary angioplasty, with increases in the time of first medical contact (100 vs. 240 minutes, p = 0.006) and ischemic time to percutaneous coronary intervention (900 vs. 2880 minutes, p <0.001). This generated a higher frequency of ...

Objective. To determine the clinical factors associated to no-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Peru. Materials and methods. Case - control retrospective study, derived from the PERSTEMI (Peruvian Registry of ST-elevation myocardial infarction) I and II study. Cases (group 1) were those patients who presented no-reflow after PCI, defined by a TIMI flow < 3, and controls (group 2) were those with a TIMI 3 flow after the intervention. Clinical and angiographic variables were compared between both groups, and a multivariate analysis was performed looking for associated factors to no-reflow. Results. We included 75 cases and 304 controls. The incidence of no-reflow was 19.8%. There was a higher frequency of no-reflow in patients with primary PCI compared to the pharmacoinvasive strategy, in patients...

Objectives. To determine one-year survival and factors associated with mortality in patients with STsegment elevation myocardial infarction in Peru. Methods. An analysis was made of the cohort of patients included in the PERSTEMI-II registry during the year 2020, in whom survival at one year after the event and its risk factors were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression. Results. Of 374 patients in the PERSTEMI-II study, 366 (97.9%) completed follow-up up to one year after the event with a survival rate of 85%. Successful reperfusion was related to better survival at 1 year (hazard ratio [HR]=0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.62, p=0.001). Age (HR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07, p=0.003), chronic kidney disease (HR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.04-4.39, p=0.037) and cardiogenic shock (HR=6.67, 95% CI: 3.72-11.97, p<0.001) were factors of higher mortality at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion. The...

Objective. To determine the clinical factors associated to no-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Peru. Materials and methods. Case - control retrospective study, derived from the PERSTEMI (Peruvian Registry of ST-elevation myocardial infarction) I and II study. Cases (group 1) were those patients who presented no-reflow after PCI, defined by a TIMI flow < 3, and controls (group 2) were those with a TIMI 3 flow after the intervention. Clinical and angiographic variables were compared between both groups, and a multivariate analysis was performed looking for associated factors to no-reflow. Results. We included 75 cases and 304 controls. The incidence of no-reflow was 19.8%. There was a higher frequency of no-reflow in patients with primary PCI compared to the pharmacoinvasive strategy, in patients...

Objetivo. Determinar las variables clínicas asociados a no reflujo tras la intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP) en pacientes con infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) en el Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo, derivado de los registros PERSTEMI (registro peruano de infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST) I y II. Se consideró casos (grupo 1) a los pacientes que presentaron no reflujo tras la ICP, definido porun flujo TIMI<3, y controles (grupo2) a aquellos con un flujoTIMI 3 post intervención. Se compararon variables clínicas y angiográficas entre ambos grupos y se realizó un análisis multivariable buscando variables independientes asociados a no reflujo. Resultados. Se incluyeron 75 casos y 304 controles. La incidencia de no reflujo fue del 19,8%. Se presentó mayor frecuencia de no refluj...

Objetivos. Determinar la sobrevida al año y los factores asociados con la mortalidad en pacientes con infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en el Perú. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis de la cohorte de pacientes incluidos en el registro PERSTEMI-II durante el año 2020, en quienes se evaluó la sobrevida al año del evento y sus factores de riesgo mediante el análisis de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier y regresión de Cox. Resultados. De 374 pacientes del estudioPERSTEMI-II, 366 (97,9%) completaron el seguimiento hasta el año del evento con una sobrevida de 85%. La reperfusión exitosa del infarto se relacionó con mejor sobrevida al año (Hazard ratio [HR]=0,30, IC 95%: 0,14-0,62, p=0,001). La edad (HR=1,04, IC 95%: 1,01-1,07, p=0,003); la enfermedad renal crónica (HR=2,15, IC 95%: 1,04-4,39, p=0,037) y el choque cardiogénico (HR=6,67, IC 95%: 3,72-11,97, p<0,001) fueron...

Objective. To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ST–Elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) management in a reference center of northern Peru. Methods. Observational, analytical, retrospective cohort-type study, derivated from the Acute Coronary Syndrome registry of the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital. The characteristics of the patients with STEMI and their 30-day outcomes were compared in 02 cohorts according to the time of medical care: prior to the pandemic or during the pandemic. Results. During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalizations for STEMI decreased by 53%, there was a greater use of fibrinolysis to the detriment of primary angioplasty, with increases in the time of first medical contact (100 vs. 240 minutes, p = 0.006) and ischemic time to percutaneous coronary intervention (900 vs. 2880 minutes, p <0.001). This generated a higher frequency of ...

Objetivo. Evaluar la repercusión de la pandemia del COVID-19 sobre el abordaje del infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IMCEST) en un centro de referencia en el norte del Perú. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, tipo cohortes retrospectivas, derivado del registro de síndrome coronario agudo del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo. Se compararon las características de los pacientes con IMCEST y sus desenlaces a 30 días en dos cohortes según el momento de atención médica: previo a la pandemia o durante pandemia. Resultados. Durante la pandemia del COVID-19 disminuyeron las hospitalizaciones por IMCEST en 53%; hubo mayor empleo de fibrinólisis en detrimento de la angioplastia primaria, con incrementos en el tiempo de primer contacto médico (100 vs. 240 min, p= 0,006) y tiempo de isquemia hasta el intervencionismo coronario percutáne...

Rupture of a Valsalva aneurysm in the adult is extremely rare and is often complicated by acute heart failure. We present the case of a 39-year-old patient with a non-coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm complicated by rupture to the right atrium associated with severe aortic regurgitation and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. The treatment was surgical and was based on the repair with a pericardial patch over the aneurysm, aortic valve replacement, and tricuspid plasty. We emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment due to the high associated mortality.

La ruptura de un aneurisma de seno de Valsalva en el adulto es extremadamente infrecuente y suele complicarse con falla cardiaca aguda. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 39 años con un aneurisma de seno de Valsalva no coronariano, complicado con ruptura hacia aurícula derecha y asociado con insuficiencia aórtica severa y tricuspídea moderada. El tratamiento fue quirúrgico y estuvo basado en la reparación con parche de pericardio sobre el aneurisma, reemplazo valvular aórtico y plastia tricuspídea. Resaltamos la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno debido a la elevada mortalidad asociada.

Rupture of a Valsalva aneurysm in the adult is extremely rare and is often complicated by acute heart failure. We present the case of a 39-year-old patient with a non-coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm complicated by rupture to the right atrium associated with severe aortic regurgitation and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. The treatment was surgical and was based on the repair with a pericardial patch over the aneurysm, aortic valve replacement, and tricuspid plasty. We emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment due to the high associated mortality.

Objectives. To determine one-year survival and factors associated with mortality in patients with STsegment elevation myocardial infarction in Peru. Methods. An analysis was made of the cohort of patients included in the PERSTEMI-II registry during the year 2020, in whom survival at one year after the event and its risk factors were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression. Results. Of 374 patients in the PERSTEMI-II study, 366 (97.9%) completed follow-up up to one year after the event with a survival rate of 85%. Successful reperfusion was related to better survival at 1 year (hazard ratio [HR]=0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.62, p=0.001). Age (HR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07, p=0.003), chronic kidney disease (HR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.04-4.39, p=0.037) and cardiogenic shock (HR=6.67, 95% CI: 3.72-11.97, p<0.001) were factors of higher mortality at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion. The...